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Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

An in situ-grown layer of SiO_xN_y contributes to passivating surface defects in inverted organic solar cells, enabling power conversion efficiency of up to 18.49% and an estimated device lifespan of over 16 years.

Criegee intermediates are pivotal in atmospheric chemistry, yet their cationic forms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors present infrared spectra of cationic Criegee intermediates, specifically syn- and anti-CH₃CHOO⁺, using vacuum ultraviolet photoionization coupled with IR photon dissociation spectroscopy.

Huang and colleagues identify that EAG2 and Kvβ2 physically interact to form a potassium channel complex in glioblastoma and develop a designer peptide that disrupts their interaction and induces tumor regression.

Suspended sediments in river networks are a critical pathway for material and nutrient transport from land to the oceans, but global monitoring is challenging. Satellite records for the past three decades document an increase in sediment delivery, driven by climate and land-cover change.

A computational null model is proposed to study the gender and racial diversity-association effects in academia. Researchers’ early training in diverse environments is strongly correlated with nurturing diverse groups in the established period.

The commercialization of solar cells based on hybrid perovskites requires challenges of device stability and scalable production to be addressed. Ronget al. report ambient-processed printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with a lifetime of over 130 days in ambient air with 30% relative humidity.

Here they identify Tex10 as a critical regulator of male fertility and germ cell development. By fine-tuning Wnt signaling, Tex10 promotes spermatogenesis and PGC differentiation, offering potential therapeutic insights for treating male infertility.

Ultra-long phosphorescence with an emission colour that can be tuned from violet to green is obtained from an organic phosphor featuring several different emitting centres. Such ‘smart’ materials are promising for applications in displays, sensors and bioimaging.

The authors report an in situ investigation of interfacial hydrogen spillover in Pd/ZIF-8 structures with X-ray and Raman techniques. A mechanistic picture of how Pd/ZIF-8 catalyst mediate alkyne semihydrogenation to alkynes is described.

Through a joint analysis of radial velocity and astrometry, Wang et al. have discovered a putative mass-gap black hole candidate in a wide binary system. Its wide circular orbit challenges current binary evolution and supernova explosion theories.

Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative to train accurate and generalizable ML models, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here, the authors present the largest FL study to-date to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for glioblastoma.

NAD⁺ deficiency in plants retards growth but enhances insect resistance via coopted ¹O₂-jasmonate biosynthesis activation and defense priming. Thus, NAD homeostasis is a pivotal metabolic checkpoint for navigating plant growth and defense metabolism.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

Here the authors analyzed 3.7 petavoxels of 3D imaging data from 204 mouse brains, aiming to comprehensively characterize diverse morphological and modular patterns conserved across six spatial scales of mouse brain anatomy, ranging from the whole-brain scale to synaptic levels.

This study classifies rotator cuff tendinopathy into three distinct subtypes that include a hypoxic atrophic, an inflammatory proliferative with white appearance and an inflammatory proliferative with red appearance subtype. Using both clinical data and animal models, the research reveals that glucocorticoid is only effective in treating the latter inflammatory proliferative subtype that has the highest level of neovascularization.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show great promise in photocatalysis but are limited by slow charge transfer. Here, the authors report a strategy to enhance the built-in electric field of COFs via ionic polarization, resulting in a hydrogen evolution rate of 9.21 mmol g^-¹ h^-¹ without Pt co-catalysts.

How tumor cells control metastatic niche formation is not fully understood. Here, the authors show in a lung metastatic niche, high-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells secrete exosomal miR-1247-3p that leads to activation of β1-integrin-NF-κBsignalling, converting fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts.

When an antiferromagnet is in close proximity to a ferromagnet, the antiferromagnet pins the spins of the ferromagnet, resulting in an exchange bias effect. This effect has been instrumental in the development of a variety of spintronic devices. Here, Haung et al. use pressure to tune the exchange bias effect in all van der Waals heterostructure composed of FePSe₃/Fe₃GeTe₂.

Auxin-driven transcriptional responses are mediated by ARF transcription factors. Here the authors characterize an F-box protein, AFF1, that regulates the accumulation, condensation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of ARF19 and ARF7.

Cryo-EM structures of the human pentameric glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase (GPIT) complex reveal its subunit assembly and its catalytic and GPI-binding sites.

Integrating diffractive optical neural networks (DONN) would reduce errors due to bulky components and calibration. Here, the authors exploit integrated 1D dielectric metasurfaces to realise an on-chip DONN device with 90% classification accuracy, computing at 10^16 flops/mm^2 and consuming 10E-17 J/Flop.

Influenza virus is attenuated for vaccine production using PROTAC degradation technology.

Cells in the body live in geometrically constrained microenvironments. Here, Feng at al report that these constraints induce collagen IV expression which is responsible for location dependent bacterial adhesion.

Here, the authors demonstrate the application of machine learning to optimize the device fabrication process for wafer-scale 2D semiconductors, and eventually fabricate digital, analog, and optoelectrical circuits.

The authors report mRNA vaccines encoding a fusion protein of MPXV A35R extracellular domain and full-length M1R and observe improved anti-M1R antibody response. The vaccines show enhanced active and passive protection in female mice challenged with a lethal dose of vaccinia virus.

Biopsy is recommended for definitive diagnosis of liver carcinoma, however, this process requires staining and expert pathologists to confirm diagnosis. Here, the authors employ a portable Raman spectroscopy system combined with deep learning to detect carcinoma from normal tissue in real time.

Na_V1.3 is involved in neuronal development, hormone secretion and pain perception. Here, the authors elucidate the molecular mechanism for modulation of Na_V1.3 by a site-2 neurotoxin bulleyaconitine A and a subtype selective antagonist ICA121431.

Photodetectors that offer broadband imaging from ultraviolet to mid-infrared can be created by using a silicon depletion well for charge integration, single-layer graphene for non-destructive direct readout and multilayer graphene for infrared photocharge injection.

The use of Mn-rich layered cathodes in Na-based batteries is hindered by inadequate cycling reversibility and sluggish anionic redox kinetics. Here, the authors report a strategy to stabilize the structure and promote anionic redox via configurational entropy and ion-diffusion structural tuning.

Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) mediates glutamate uptake in the synapse. Here, authors report cryo-EM structures of the human EAAT2 in complexes with glutamate or selective inhibitor WAY-213613, revealing important insights into substrate recognition and selective inhibition.

The authors report a study preparing single atom (M = Pt, Ag, Fe, Co, and Ni) arrays on Au/Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ nanosheets using electric field polarization techniques. Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction is shown to proceed effectively over Au/Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂.

The ratio of tumour area to metastatic lymph node area (T/MLN) is a clinical indicator that can improve prognosis prediction of gastric cancer. Here, the authors use machine learning on whole slide images to generate a method that can predict metastatic lymph nodes and obtain T/MLN.

The deubiquitinase PICI1 is identified as part of an immunity hub that coordinates pattern- and effector-triggered immunity and is involved in conferring broad-spectrum resistance to blast across different subspecies of rice.

Lactobacillus-based probiotics have been reported to be beneficial for colitis through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors identify an uncharacterized secreted enzyme named LPH from multiple probiotic Lactobacillus strains, which protects female mice from chemically induced colitis and colorectal cancer via NOD2 signalling.

Adenine base editors are an important contribution to the genome editing toolbox. Here the authors present EndoV-seq, an endonuclease-based assay for evaluating genomewide off-target effects of base editing.

Due to tumour microenvironment, Fenton reactions have low therapeutic efficiency. Here the authors report on the application of NIR-II hybrid semiconducting nanozymes for combined photothermal therapy and enhanced ferrotherapy with photoacoustic imaging and show application in vivo in tumour models.

Mechanism of lymph node (LN) metastasis induced by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) remains unclear. Here they demonstrate that a long noncoding RNA LNMAT1 promotes LN metastasis of bladder cancer via recruitment of TAMs through epigenetic regulation of CCL2 expression.

G2/M arrest of epithelial cells leads to fibrosis with unclear mechanisms. This study identifies a protein-encoding circRNA, circBNC2, which inhibits epithelial cells G2/M arrest to prevent fibrotic maladaptive repair in damaged kidney and liver, revealing a potential intervention target for fibrosis.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.