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This work presents SCIGEN, a machine learning framework integrating geometric constraints into material generation. The framework enables the discovery of stable quantum material candidates, and the authors synthesize two predicted magnetic materials.

Antibody–bottlebrush conjugates expand the options for drug cargos compared to antibody–drug conjugates.

Tian et al. show that RNA folding limits extensive base pairing among mRNAs in Drosophila germ granules. Instead, mRNAs interact via scattered bases exposed on the surface of folded RNAs, which may preserve proper gene function during development.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

In this randomized, controlled integrated phase 1/2/3a/3b clinical trial, the authors show that the self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine ARCT-154 shows good immunogenicity and is safe and efficient against COVID-19 (57% against any COVID-19, and 95% against severe COVID-19).

Martin Hibberd, Cameron Simmons and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for dengue shock syndrome, a severe complication of dengue, in pediatric cases and controls from Vietnam. They identify common variants at MICB within the broad MHC region on chromosome 6 and at PLCE1 on chromosome 10 associated with dengue shock syndrome in people with dengue.

MGAT1 is a glycosyltransferase critical for the synthesis and maturation of complex N-glycans. Here, the authors show that MGAT1 modulation of CD73 glycosylation and function regulates tumor immune response in triple-negative breast cancer.

In this in vitro, in silico, and in vivo study Nguyen and colleagues show that specific and stable viral gene delivery of engineered prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels (BacNav) to cardiomyocytes can directly augment cardiac tissue excitability and conduction.

Accurate analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data is affected by issues including technical noise and high dropout rate. Here, the authors develop a hierarchical autoencoder, scDHA, which outperforms existing methods in scRNA-seq analyses such as cell segregation and classification.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Here, the authors report the unexpected observation of different electronic properties of bilayer graphene/boron nitride heterostructures at 0° and 60° twist angles, showing the complex interplay between lattice relaxation and the electronic properties of moiré structures.

Accessing charge transport along the out-of-plane direction in 2D crystals is challenging, yet essential to understanding their anisotropic properties. Here, both in-plane and out-of-plane transport are measured in Ti₃C₂T_x with experimental and computational tools, enabling quantitative analysis.

Computational drug discovery is used to identify a 12-mer peptide derived from BRINP2 with potent anti-obesity effects that are independent of leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and melanocortin 4 receptor.

Modeling analysis from the Global Dietary Database estimated that 70% of new global cases of type 2 diabetes are attributable to suboptimal intake of 11 dietary factors, with substantial differences in dietary risks across world regions and nations.

Le, Phung, Bui et al. investigate nasal-spraying Bacillus spore probiotics (LiveSpo Navax) as a supportive treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus pneumonia with bacterial co-infections in young children. Use of the probiotic reduces symptoms, antibiotic use, viral and bacterial loads, and improves immune and nasal microbiota.

Some materials host multiple charge density wave states, however, their dynamics and the nature of phase transitions are often unclear. Here, using temperature and orientation resolved ultrafast spectroscopy, the authors reveal charge density waves of different dimensionality in CuTe and elucidate their mechanism.

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (cHCC-CCA) are challenging to diagnose, as they exhibit features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). Here, the authors use deep learning to re-classify cHCC-CCA tumours into HCC or ICCA based on histopathology images.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

Restoring lost excitability of injured tissue is a paramount of regenerative medicine. By using a combined expression of bacterial voltage-gated Na⁺ channel, Kir2.1, and connexin-43 in non-excitable human fibroblasts, here the authors generate excitable cells that rescue action potential conduction in an in vitromodel of cardiac fibrosis.

In a new study including 200 families who experienced perinatal death, adding genomic analyses to standard autopsies improved the identification of underlying pathogenic causes and informed genetic counseling.

The small molecule GS-6207, which disrupts the function of the HIV capsid protein, shows potential as a long-acting therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.

Association analyses in over 1 million individuals identify 535 new loci influencing blood pressure traits. The results provide new insights into blood pressure regulation and highlight shared genetic architecture between blood pressure and lifestyle exposures.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.