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A technique combining laser fragmentation in liquids with the reduction of multiple metal salt precursors is developed to synthesize alloy nanoparticles, simultaneously achieving ultrasmall size and high compositional complexity for efficient and stable electrocatalysis.

DNAJC12 variants cause parkinsonism. Here, the authors show that DNAJC12 stabilizes tyrosine hydroxylase, a crucial enzyme in dopamine synthesis, and identify key structural motifs for this interaction, explaining the pathogenesis of truncated variants.

Stem cell-derived embryo models offer insights into early development but suffer from variability. Here, authors used AI to classify and predict outcomes for generation of mouse stem cell-derived embryo-like structures, improving selection accuracy and understanding of self-organization.

This Primer offers a practical and rational introduction to macromolecular crystallography, whether to engage directly with or to critically assess results, with a focus on understanding the diffraction data, solving the phase problem, building and refining the atomic model, and interpreting the resulting atomic structure.

Sea-dumped munitions from the Second World War can provide a habitat for epifauna, according to an analysis of footage from a remotely operated vehicle in the Baltic Sea.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

Self-assembly of diblock copolymers into useful nanostructures is well understood, unlike the solution self-assembly of triblock copolymers. Here, Müller and co-workers provide guidelines for the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock terpolymers into different multicompartment nanostructures.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

Notch and VEGF signalling controls the specification of endothelial cells to tip and stalk cells during angiogenesis sprouting. Alitalo and colleagues show that macrophage-derived VEGF-C activates VEGFR2 to contribute to the conversion of endothelial cells from a tip- to a stalk-cell fate when two sprouts fuse to ensure vessel growth and branching.

The goals, resources and design of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) programme are described, and analyses of rare variants detected in the first 53,831 samples provide insights into mutational processes and recent human evolutionary history.

Viral fusion proteins are required for the fusion of viral and host membranes for all enveloped viruses. The structure of the Baculovirus postfusion form of glycoprotein gp64, a class III fusion protein, explains its ability to fuse with many different cell types, and structural comparisons suggest that all three classes of fusion proteins may be more closely related than previously thought.

From mouse experiments, the authors link iron deficiency in mothers with cardiovascular defects and increased retinoic acid signalling in their offspring, and giving iron early in pregnancy can prevent most defects.

Long-term imaging in the spinal cord is achieved by placing a fluoropolymer membrane on the spinal cord, which reduces fibrosis. This approach, combined with deep-learning-based motion correction, enables months-long imaging of the same neurons.

Labouesse and colleagues examine the steps of excretory canal growth in nematodes. They delineate the importance of osmoregulated vesicle fusion with the lumen, and of a subapical cytoskeletal web to ensure straight lumen growth. They identify PROS-1 as a transcription factor essential for lumen growth through modulation of the osmosensitive kinase GCK-3 and intermediate filament protein IFB-1.

A fluorogenic reporter allows visualization of spike protein and ACE2 receptor interaction and the identification of natural products that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo.

A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Ninu (greater bilby) and genome sequences for the extinct Yallara (lesser bilby), together with resequenced genomes, shed light on the demographic history of Ninu and inform conservation plans for this culturally and ecologically important marsupial.

Researchers demonstrate non-volatile tuning of cryogenic silicon micro-ring modulators using phase-change materials, enabling scalable, low-power, high-speed optical links for quantum computing, high energy physics and cryogenic systems.

The authors investigate grid cell dynamics after removal of a border between two environments. Near the transition between environments, grid fields changed location, resulting in local spatial periodicity and continuity between the original maps.

The sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (Siglec-1, also known as CD169) plays a more prominent role than the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing non-integrin in mediating Ebola virus entry into activated dendritic cells, and anti-Siglec-1 monoclonal antibodies can antagonize this process.

The insertion of thin layers of cobalt can stabilize β-tungsten under back-end-of-line thermal constraints, allowing a 64-kb spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory to be fabricated that offers a spin–orbit torque switching of 1 ns, data retention of more than 10 years and a tunnelling magnetoresistance of 146%.

Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES) are specialized ER subdomains that regulate the export of secreted cargo. This Roadmap explores how ERES integrate biochemical and mechanical signals to coordinate trafficking and proposes a multidisciplinary strategy to investigate their function, including in disease.

Arabidopsis EH/Pan1 proteins are part of the TPLATE complex (TPC) that is required for endocytosis in plants. Here, the authors show AtEH/Pan1 proteins also act in actin-mediated autophagy, by interacting with VAP27-1 at ER-PM contact sites and recruiting TPLATE and AP-2 complex subunits, clathrin and ARP2/3/ proteins to autophagosomes.

At tissue boundaries, cellular repulsive events are manifested as deformation waves that result from an oscillatory pattern of traction forces and intracellular stress that pull cellular adhesions away from the boundary.

Surveys of reef change are combined with a unique 20-year time series of land–sea human impacts and the results show that integrated land–sea management could help achieve coastal ocean conservation goals and provide coral reefs with the best opportunity to persist in our changing climate.

Wang et al at introduce a dynamic, network-based tool to predict the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. The model integrates expert knowledge with data-driven insights to enable early prediction and risk stratification across diverse patient populations.

The molecular chaperones tapasin and TAPBPR play important roles in defining the repertoire of peptides displayed by MHC class I. Here, the authors combine NMR, ITC, fluorescence polarization measurements and deep mutational scanning analyses to reveal a peptide editing mechanism, where the G24-R36 loop in TAPBPR acts as a molecular trap to promote the selection of high-affinity peptide cargo.

Direct synthesis of large area crystalline black phosphorus films is still challenging. Here, the authors report growth of high-quality black phosphorus films on insulating silicon substrates through a gas-phase epitaxial growth strategy with field-effect and Hall mobilities of over 1200 and 1400 cm2 /Vs at room temperature, respectively and a current on/off ratio of up to 10⁶, comparable to the exfoliated flakes.

Mixed-charge nanoparticles preferentially assemble inside the lysosomes of cancer cells, which causes lysosomal membrane disruption and lysosome-dependent cell death in cancer but not in healthy cells.

Disrupting the association between the Immunoglobulin G constant fragment (Fc) and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) by engineered antibodies is a promising strategy to reduce autoantibody levels in autoimmune diseases. Here authors show that the variable fragment (Fab) of immunoglobulins could disturb the Fc-FcRn interaction, therefore the therapeutic effect of Fc-only fragments might surpass that of Fc-engineered antibodies with enhanced binding to FcRn.

The levels of microRNAs in mouse and human cells control lipid metabolism and germ cell specification during development.

Antifungal triazoles inhibit biosynthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of the fungal plasma membrane. Here, Xie et al. show that Erg6, the enzyme that catalyzes a previous step in ergosterol biosynthesis, is essential for the viability of Aspergillus fumigatus, and its repression reduces the virulence of this fungal pathogen in an animal model of infection.

Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) improves muscle function, metabolism, and bone health in many other diseases. Here, Marcella et al. found that inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3, alone or combined with exercise, improves muscle health and function in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy without negatively affecting insulin sensitivity or bone health.

The authors demonstrate high-order terahertz nonlinear magnonics using two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy, revealing the emergence of seventh-order spin-wave mixing and sixth harmonic magnon generation within an antiferromagnetic orthoferrite.

Dawe et al. report a protein tethering method for recruiting Centromeric Histone H3 to synthetic repeat arrays. Newly recruited Centromeric Histone H3 organized functional centromeres that supported independent chromosome segregation for several generations.

The spatial single-cell multiomic atlas of the first trimester human placenta at molecular resolution provides a blueprint for future studies on early placental development and pregnancy.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy are two central degradative mechanisms in the ER. Here the authors describe the sequence of events underlying the disposition of misfolded ER proteins by ERAD and ER-phagy.

Here, Martin-Vicente et al. show that the Aspergillus fumigatus protein kinase, CotA, controls invasive growth in an isoform dependent manner in response to carbon source diversity, partially mediated by the downstream effector, SsdA.

As the Plasmodium species that cause malaria replicate in the liver, Heath and colleagues designed mRNA vaccines to limit infection by inducing liver-resident memory T cells. Efficacy was observed in mice, including in hosts with previous blood-stage infection.

A current challenge in genome editing is delivering Cas9 and sgRNA into target cells. Here the authors engineer a delivery system based on murine leukemia virus-like particles loaded with Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins to induce efficient genome editing in both cell culture and in vivo in mouse.

Analyses of whole-exome sequencing data identify rare loss-of-function variants in BSN associated with adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, with stronger effect sizes than those observed for variants in known obesity risk genes such as MC4R.

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.