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Hepatic glycogenolysis is essential for protein glycosylation and rhythmic secretion by the liver. Disruptions to hepatic glycogenolysis, caused by congenital diseases or physiological factors such as obesity, caloric restriction and changes to meal timing, alter hepatic protein secretion.

Climate and land-use changes will redistribute fire across the planet. Larger, more frequent, and intense wildfires are projected in extra-tropical regions, while human-driven declines in fire activity are reversed under the highest degrees of warming.

Vaginal birth, exclusive breastfeeding and early contact with siblings promote colonization of the infant gut with bifidobacteria capable of producing aromatic lactates, a microbial and metabolite signal that is inversely related to the risk of allergen-specific sensitization and dermatitis later in life.

How do low-mass binaries age? Astronomers have constrained a tight, circular orbit of a close-in companion around a dying giant star, raising new questions about how tidal forces shape binary orbits in the final phases of stellar evolution.

Detection of somatic mutations in cell-free DNA is challenging due to low variant allele frequencies and extensive DNA fragmentation. Here, the authors use longitudinal samples from colorectal and breast cancer patients to clarify performance limits of current approaches and support application of cfDNA analyses in cancer liquid biopsies.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

‘Commercial fisheries have decimated keystone species, including oysters in the past 200 years. Here, the authors examine how Indigenous oyster harvest in North America and Australia was managed across 10,000 years, advocating for effective future stewardship of oyster reefs by centering Indigenous peoples.’

In the double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 ARGO trial, patients with active psoriatic arthritis treated with a nanobody targeting IL-17A and IL-17F showed substantially better disease response rates compared with those receiving placebo treatment.

Animals are often thought to follow simple alignment rules, but this study explores how collective behavior could instead emerge from neural ring-attractor networks encoding allocentric and egocentric bearings. The results show that group motion arises spontaneously when allocentric bearings are used, with rapid switching between the two representations further boosting coordination.

α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 11 (ABHD11) is a mitochondrial hydrolase, and its expression in CD4 + T-cells has been linked to remission status in rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors report that pharmacological inhibition of ABHD11 modulates T-cell effector function via increased 24,25-epoxycholesterol biosynthesis and subsequent liver X receptor activation.

Authors present a personalised approach to clinical laboratory testing of antibiotics, based on real-time mathematical modelling, that encourages the use of drugs less likely to cause antimicrobial resistance, without compromising on overall antibiotic treatment options for prescribers.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with high prevalence in the Middle East. Here the authors identify camels as an important source of brucellosis among livestock-owning households in Jordan, due to widespread consumption of raw camel milk.

Here the authors identify adenophages, a previously unknown macrophage population present in exocrine glands in mice and humans. These cells are dependent on ILC2-derived GM-CSF and support glandular homeostasis.

Cell division in many archaea requires the coordinated activities of two distinct FtsZ proteins, which are part of the midcell division ring. Here, Liao et al. show that an additional protein, CdpA, organises and anchors the FtsZ-based division ring at midcell in haloarchaea.

Shyam Prabhakar, Paul Robson, Iain Beehuat Tan and colleagues characterize the cellular heterogeneity of colorectal tumors and their microenvironment on the basis of single-cell RNA–seq data analyzed with their newly developed clustering algorithm, reference component analysis (RCA). Their analyses identify two subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts and further divide tumors into subgroups with divergent survival probabilities.

Demystifying the spawning strategies of fish can help us understand their evolutionary drivers and better inform fisheries management. This study reveals the spawning strategies of pelagic fish, showing that the benefits of co-located spawning across time and space outweigh the potential drawbacks.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thrombotic events. Here, the authors investigate the degree to which this association is modified by virus variant and vaccination using electronic health record data for ~18 million adults in England.

Materials with a Kitaev spin liquid ground state are sought after as models of quantum phases but candidates so far form either zig-zag or incommensurate magnetic order. Ruiz et al. find a crossover between these states in β-Li₂IrO₃ under weak magnetic fields, indicating strongly frustrated spin interactions.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Gil McVean and Iain Mathieson report an analysis of the differential effects of population stratification on rare and common variants within association studies. They find that rare variants may show stronger stratification in some situations and that this is not corrected for by current structure methods, suggesting the need for the development of new statistical methods.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Ternary organic blends using two non-fullerene acceptors are shown to improve the efficiency and stability of low-cost solar cells based on P3HT and of high-performance photovoltaic devices based on low-bandgap donor polymers.

Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful tools in healthcare, with a growing role in global health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This Perspective examines the current progress, challenges and prospects of LLMs in addressing health system disparities and supporting achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

La Crosse Virus predominantly causes encephalitis in children. Here, Basu et al. use transcriptomics and targeted siRNA screening to identify that age-dependent expression of EphrinA2 and Connexin43 by brain capillary endothelial cells is important for neuroinvasion.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

The fraction of C4 plants in terrestrial biomass decreased from 16% to 12% between 1982 and 2016, but the change is too small to explain the observed change in the isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide, according to estimates based on a C3/C4 distribution model and a carbon cycle box model.

Two types of on-chip silicon device utilizing silicon T centres are developed: an O-band light-emitting diode and an electrically triggered single-photon source. Further, a new method of spin initialization with electrical excitation is demonstrated.

Antarctic Bottom Water fills much of the global abyssal ocean, and is known to form in three main sites in the Southern Ocean. Data from instrumented elephant seals and moorings suggest an additional source of bottom-water formation in the Cape Darnley polynya that is driven by sea-ice production.

The origins of Silverpit Crater have remained controversial since its discovery >20 years ago. This paper presents evidence for an extraterrestrial impact origin, including 3D seismic, computer simulations and ‘shocked’ minerals near the crater.

Body size and composition are complex traits that are challenging to characterize due to environmental and genetic influences. Here, Arehart et al. disentangle shared and distinct genetic signals underlying body size and composition.

This study estimates the reproductive potential of fish in globally distributed coral reef sites. The results show substantial gains in reproductive potential can be achieved through the 30 × 30 conservation target, particularly for the important fisheries family, Serranidae, demonstrating the possible benefit of protection to population replenishment.

Instrumental to the migration of antigen-scavenging immune cells, the lymphatic vessel entry receptor LYVE-1 interacts with the hyaluronan glycocalyx, anchored by the leucocyte hyaluronan receptor CD44. Here, dynamic force spectroscopy, crystal structures and MD simulations provide mechanistic insights.

A population of TRAIL-positive astrocytes in glioblastoma contributes to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and this mechanism can be targeted with an engineered oncolytic virus to improve outcomes.

Here the authors carry out chemical kinetic studies revealing that aggregation of hIAPP and its variant S20G involves secondary nucleation. Two small molecules with novel scaffolds are shown to inhibit or accelerate aggregation by binding different molecular species.

Accurate modelling of the temporal and spatial impacts of weather on building energy demand is key to the decarbonization of energy systems. Now, Staffell et al. develop an openly available model for calculating hourly heating and cooling demand on a global scale.

Functional imaging and multiplexed in situ hybridization were combined to investigate how trigeminal neurons encode heat and mechanical stimuli, revealing distinct cellular mechanisms for continuing pain, heat hypersensitivity and tactile allodynia during inflammation.