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In this study, the authors generated iPSC lines from more than 100 sporadic ALS cases, which recapitulated key disease phenotypes and enabled large-scale drug screening, identifying a promising combination therapy of baricitinib, memantine and riluzole.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

In this study, authors show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives 63% of dengue case variation via rising local temperatures. They estimate future cases may increase by 39–82% due to increasing ENSO events under human-induced warming.

In this study, authors use molecular dynamics simulations to explore why Tantalum (Ta) and Zirconium (Zr) have different glass-forming abilities. It is shown that Ta’s lower critical cooling rate is due to stronger competing ordering effects and local icosahedral structures, which influence crystallisation pathways.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Weak transitions have a prominent role in optical clock devices and fundamental physics tests but are challenging to resolve due to the unfavourable scaling of the cross section with transition strengths. Here, the authors demonstrate enhanced cross sections due to beyond single-photon excitations in He atoms, facilitating applications in precision spectroscopy.

The carrier envelope offset phase (CEP) of a short laser pulse is tuned to control electrons on attosecond timescales, while rotational states are associated with much longer nanosecond timescales. Here, the authors introduce CEP control in rotational air lasing, unveiling nontrivial contribution from rotational states.

It has been proposed that phonons propagating through a material can be used for quantum computing, in a similar manner to photons. Now, several of the quantum gates and measurements needed for this approach have been demonstrated.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Measurements of carbon fluxes and wood phenology are used to assess carbon sources from photosynthesis and their sink into woody growth along a thermal gradient. The authors show that stem growth advances slower than photosynthesis per degree Celsius, creating a phenological mismatch for carbon.

Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols are produced by photosynthetic organisms and serve as sources of carbon and sulfur for bacteria. This work characterizes a sulfoquinovosidase, unveils a reservoir of organosulfur compounds in the ocean and elucidates their critical role in marine carbon cycling.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Ubiquitination is a versatile modification system in eukaryotic cells. Here, the authors unveil that the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 can modify drug-like small-molecule substrates, beyond proteins. This discovery may be harnessed to develop specific tool substrates or inhibitors of HECT-type ligases.

Lithium-ion battery cathode lifetime is limited by large expansion and contraction during cycling. This study uses electrochemical activation to suppress collapse in LiNi_0.9Mn_0.1O₂ cathodes, achieving improved capacity and cycle life.

An Fe^III/V redox mechanism in Li₄FeSbO₆ on delithiation without Fe^IV or oxygen formation with resistance to aging, high operating potential and low voltage hysteresis is demonstrated, with implications for Fe-based high-voltage applications.

Together with a companion paper, molecular details of immune responses in a pig-to-human xenotransplantation are identified through dense longitudinal multi-omics profiling of the xenograft and the host recipient, across the 61-day procedure.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The enteric nervous system regulates gut function but is difficult to study due to sparse neuron distribution and gut motion. Here, the authors showcase a bioelectronic implant for electrophysiological monitoring of the enteric neural activity in freely-behaving animals.

There is a continuum emission component in the aurorae spectra that is unexplained. Here, the authors show gray-toned continuum emission structures associated with auroral dynamics explains previous continuum emission observations.

Feng et al. report a dynamic template-assisted strategy for depositing perovskite nanowire arrays across areas 12 times larger than the template itself, on diverse substrates. Large-area pixelated photodetectors with a responsivity of 1660A W⁻¹, detectivity of 3.9E14 Jones, and linear dynamic range of 160.3 dB are achieved.

Nanocrystal assembly is key to creating complex architectures. Here, the authors show that tuning competitive ion adsorption alters anisotropic surface potentials and electrostatic torques, directing facet attachment to enable alternative mesoscale designs.

The cortex fuels essential physiological processes with glucose-derived carbon, while gliomas fuel their aggressiveness by rerouting glucose carbon pathways and scavenging alternative carbon sources such as environmental amino acids, providing a potential therapeutic target.

Delivering functional proteins or protein complexes into cells continues to be a significant challenge. Here, the authors develop efficient systems by using engineered extracellular vesicles to deliver functional cargoes, including CRISPR/Cas9-ribonucleoproteins, both in vitro and in vivo.

Achieving both high efficiency and stability in organic solar cells is challenging. Now, Liang et al. show that oligomer acceptors improve the molecular packing and morphology of the active layer, affording a 15% efficiency and enhanced stability.

Here they show that PIEZO1, a force-sensing ion channel, is important for trophoblast fusion during placental development. It triggers calcium entry that activates the TMEM16F lipid scramblase, allowing cells to merge and support fetal development.

Mucosal influenza vaccines promise enhanced protection but lack defined immune correlates of protection. Here, the authors conduct a phase I trial of an intranasal recombinant influenza A/H5 vaccine with a nanoemulsion adjuvant, demonstrating successful mucosal priming and broad cross-clade immune responses, advancing the development of intranasal influenza vaccines.

Large-scale genome-wide analyses identify hundreds of genetic loci associated with hypothyroidism and thyroid hormone levels, demonstrating the potential of using polygenic risk scores to predict disease onset and progression.

Arranging nanomagnets into a two-dimensional lattice provides access to a rich landscape of magnetic behaviours. Control of the interactions between the nanomagnets after fabrication is a challenge. Here, Yun et al demonstrate all-electrical control of magnetic couplings in a two-dimensional array of nanomagnets using ionic gating.

Advances have been made in thin-film piezoelectrics; however, the linearity of electric-field-induced strain with frequency and temperature still requires improvement. Here, by growing interlocked monoclinic and tetragonal polar nanoregions in (K,Na)NbO₃ thin films, highly linear strains of up to 1.1% are reported at frequencies up to 10⁵ Hz.

The role of mosquito saliva proteins in viral infection remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that sialokinin facilitates viral dissemination while suppressing immune response and inflammation in chikungunya virus-infected mice.

Nano-groove traps at grain triple junctions significantly affect cation homogeneity in formamidinium–caesium perovskite films. Shallowing these traps improves interfacial properties and enhances solar cell performance.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

Yoon et al present super-resolution panoramic integration, a microscopy method that instantly captures super-resolution images with high throughput, enabling detailed biological study of cells beyond traditional optical limits

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

CellSpectra identifies functionally relevant changes in cellular pathways when analyzing single samples in comparison to a reference atlas, here applied to rodent models and patient samples of kidney disease.

CRISPR-based diagnostics are often limited by complex workflows and poor validation. Here the authors develop and validate a one-pot asymmetric CRISPR assay, which permits rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in a format which is suitable for resource-limited settings.

An NNMT inhibitor reduces tumour burden and metastasis in multiple mouse cancer models and restores immune checkpoint blockade efficacy by decreasing cancer-associated-fibroblast-mediated recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reinvigorating CD8⁺ T cell activation.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse hypothalamus and behavioural experiments show that specific hypothalamic networks regulate conflicting feeding versus parenting behaviours of female mice.