Immunosuppressive drugs, metabolic disorders and immobilization are factors that contribute to an increased incidence of scoliosis, vertebral fractures and back pain in pediatric transplant recipients. Here, a team from Helsinki University Central Hospital review historical data on orthopedic complications in this patient population, and provide updated recommendations for prevention, assessment and management based on their own extensive research and clinical experience.
- Ilkka Helenius
- Hannu Jalanko
- Jari Peltonen
