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A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Precise qubit manipulation is essential in quantum computation; however errors can occur from fluctuations in the magnetic field. Wanget al. propose a robust scheme for universal control of qubits in a semiconductor double quantum dot, cancelling leading orders of error in field gradient variation.

UTe₂ is a proposed intrinsic topological superconductor, but its quasiparticle surface band has not yet been visualized. Now this is achieved using quasiparticle interference imaging, revealing the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter.

Engineering the perovskite–electrical contact interface with sodium heptafluorobutyrate reduces interfacial defects and improves charge transport in perovskite solar cells. Functionalized devices deliver a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.96%, which is fully retained after 1,200 h of continuous operation under 1-sun illumination.

A wearable paper-based microfluidic device tracks cortisol in sweat via gold nanoflower colorimetric assays and captures circadian rhythms, stress responses and jet lag disruptions.

Gram-negative bacteria use a multiprotein complex, LptB₂FGC, to transport lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to the outer membrane. Here, Fiorentino et al. present cryo-EM structures of the complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing species-specific features and providing insights into LPS transport mechanisms.

A model trained to generate spatial proteomics profiles and predict the expression of 40 biomarkers directly from histopathology slides is shown to improve survival and treatment response prediction in patients with lung cancer.

Rechargeable zinc batteries are hindered by sluggish ion transport and unstable interfaces. Here, the authors design a zwitterionic gel-ligand-channel where molecular crowding promotes ion liberation, enabling fast ion migration and interfacial kinetics even at −60 °C.

While phytoplankton are well studied and understood at the global scale, floating macroalgae are not. This study presents a comprehensive picture of the global distributions of floating macroalgae and phytoplankton surface scums, both showing expanding trends from 2003 to 2022.

This study reports that de novo germline missense variants in SF3B1, distinct from the somatic variants frequently observed in cancer, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder and disrupt global RNA splicing.

Here the authors report an allotrope to the nanocarbon family, Graphene-P-phenyl-Graphene, for potassium-ion batteries.

Small-scale vorticity dynamics are central to turbulence, but their transient and chaotic nature makes direct measurement and control extremely challenging. By using magnetically driven particles, authors uncover stochastic resonance and a symmetry-breaking mechanism that may enable both control of particle dynamics and a magnetic resonance- based method for probing turbulence at its smallest scales.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Scaling Si spin qubits relies on the uniform control of qubit-host interactions. This work finds correlations in qubit energy levels across a manufactured device arising from placement of Ge in the quantum well, consistent with atomistic modeling.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) are promising tools for environmental and human health monitoring. Here the authors develop a multi-objective, machine learning-guided method to engineer an aTF-based portable diagnostic for environment sensing of lead in drinking water at the legal limit.

The authors demonstrate a zero-field supercurrent diode effect in NbSe₂/NiI₂/NbSe₂ vertical Josephson junctions, where NiI₂ is a two-dimensional multiferroic material. The diode efficiency is even as a function of field, making the device “resilient" to stray fields from nearby circuit components.

BCNE, an unsupervised deep-learning method, reveals clear trajectories of brain activity and effectively distinguishes cognitive events, learning stages and active versus passive movement, outperforming traditional data visualization methods.

High-throughput chemical ligand discovery is challenged by false positives. Here, authors introduce a scalable enantioselective affinity-selection mass spectrometry approach for proteome-wide ligand discovery with high sensitivity and selectivity

Super spreading events are considered important contributors to the spread of COVID−19, but the extent to which superspreading varies by transmission setting is unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate heterogeneity in superspreading and the generation interval between COVID−19 cases in different settings using data from Hong Kong.

Scanning dielectric microscopy of nanocapillaries filled with water reveals that interfacial and strongly confined water exhibits a large in-plane dielectric constant and an in-plane conductivity approaching superionic values. 

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

In Eastern Asia, vegetation greening, especially in perennial drylands, has increasingly reduced dust emissions since the early 2000s, with effects amplified over long timescales, underscoring the mitigating capacity of land-surface change for multi-decadal dust trends.

The magnetic flux rope is a crucial structure in astrophysical and space plasmas. Here, the authors show how this structure rapidly contracts/expands and consequently how it accelerates/decelerates electrons, by using an advanced analysis technique.

Observed 730 Myr after the Big Bang, a little red dot is found to anchor an overdensity of eight galaxies and seems to be embedded in a massive host dark matter halo.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Tokamak walls suffer erosion from steady and bursty heat loads. Here, the authors demonstrate that optimizing 3D magnetic field and cooling gas injection can tame destructive plasma bursts while enabling cooler, safer exhaust conditions.

Schiattarella and colleagues propose a framework linking heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease as interconnected syndromes rather than coincidental comorbidities. The authors delineate shared metabolic, inflammatory and endocrine drivers and propose a shift towards coordinated strategies and integrated clinical algorithms to improve prevention, risk stratification, early detection and co-management of these disorders.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-mediated form of cell death that holds promise for targeting treatment-resistant cancer cells. Here, the authors show that AMPK-mediated lipid droplet dynamics modulates the response to ferroptosis inducers in melanoma.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Periodic marine oxygen oscillations occurred throughout the middle Ediacaran Gaskiers Glaciation, probably stemming from increased organic carbon burial destabilizing ocean redox systems, according to geochemical constraints and modelling.

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, may offer neuroprotective benefits after stroke, but its effects in large vessel occlusion (LVO) are unknown. Here the authors show, in a phase 2 randomized trial, that semaglutide is safe after endovascular therapy and may improve recovery in patients not receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Reframing of arousal as a latent dynamical system can reconstruct multidimensional measurements of large-scale spatiotemporal brain dynamics on the timescale of seconds in mice.

Advances have been made in thin-film piezoelectrics; however, the linearity of electric-field-induced strain with frequency and temperature still requires improvement. Here, by growing interlocked monoclinic and tetragonal polar nanoregions in (K,Na)NbO₃ thin films, highly linear strains of up to 1.1% are reported at frequencies up to 10⁵ Hz.

Using lipid nanoparticle delivery of mRNAs to the liver in aged mice, T cell function and declining immune cues can be restored.

Therapeutic options for patients with renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) are limited. Here the authors report the results of a phase II clinical trial of anti-PD1 nivolumab plus anti-CTLA4 ipilimumab in RMC, associating the activation of a myeloid mimicry program in tumor cells to the rapid disease progression and hyper-progression observed in treated patients.

This study uses single-cell DNA sequencing to analyze genomic evolution in pancreatic cancer using a cohort of multiregionally and longitudinally sampled patients’ tissues across various clinical contexts.

Researchers have resolved cryo-EM structures of the bacterial TamAB machinery in two distinct states: a non-hybrid and a novel hybrid barrel. These structures suggest each state enables a distinct function, facilitating outer membrane protein folding and phospholipid transport, respectively.

Seasonal variation in K isotopes of rivers that drain the Chinese Loess Plateau indicates that riverine K isotopes can trace changes in silicate weathering intensity over time, offering a tool to track Earth’s climate–rock interactions.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

How the pulvinar represents complex visual information, its functional topography, and its relationship to cortical processing of visually presented objects remains unclear. Here authors show that responses to natural scenes in the human pulvinar reveal organized spatial maps for both low-level visual features, such as local contrast, as well as high-level visual features, such as bodies and faces.

The authors uncover a direct, BAI1-dependent, role for C1q in the control of neural stem cell proliferation and quiescence via MDM2–p53 and p32, a complement cascade-independent mechanism of C1q action that has implications for central nervous system health and disease.

An ensemble of spins from nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamonds is prepared in a spin-squeezed state.