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Although N₂O emissions from wastewater treatment plants have been studied extensively, emissions of NH₃ have been largely considered irrelevant. Analysis of such emissions from a sludge drying pan, a commonly used method, shows that NH₃ emissions are in fact substantial and should not be overlooked.

Models of turbulent flows are often simulated in the laboratory, in sampling areas with dimensions <1 m. Here, the authors exploit a natural snowstorm to quantify turbulent flows, exploring the complex dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer around a 2.5-MW utility-scale wind turbine.

Liang et al. estimate the prevalence of text modified by large language models in recent scientific papers and preprints, finding widespread use (up to 17.5% of papers in computer science).

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Xu et al. report a Pockels photonic memory by integrating ferroelectric field-effect transistor with lithium niobate on insulator micro ring resonator. Through the manipulation of ferroelectric domains and the Pockels effect, the device achieves energy consumption at fJ/state level.

Using a new analytical method for tracking gamma band events in mouse visual cortex, flexible encoding of visual information according to behavioural context is shown.

Xu et al. perform a whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen using directed differentiation systems. They find that MEN1 and SUZ12 modulate human developmental timing by epigenetically controlling bivalent promoters of developmental genes.

Extensive measurements of the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia from wastewater treatment facilities in the USA present higher values than are currently stated in national inventories. The results of this analysis show that greenhouse gas and nitrogenous emissions from the wastewater sector are often overlooked and that their impact on climate should be reassessed.

Using a virtual reality apparatus in rats that dissociates external landmarks from self-motion cues, the authors describe how the two modes of theta phase coding in the hippocampus during navigation are controlled via distinct computations.

High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.

A better-ventilated North Pacific could have reduced the carbon of water upwelled in the Southern Ocean, reducing outgassing and revealing a remote influence on Southern Ocean biogeochemistry in glacial times.

Online cognitive testing combined with the reach of a digital patient registry revealed a subtype of people with Multiple Sclerosis with significant cognitive impairment but no motor deficits. This hidden disability is often underestimated and left untreated.

Mitosis and apoptosis spread as trigger waves through the Xenopus cytoplasm. The present work shows that wave speed is robust to cytoplasmic concentration and dilution, thanks to a near-exact balance of diffusion, concentration, and crowding effects.

Distal mutations, though far from the active site, enhance Kemp eliminase catalysis by tuning conformational dynamics that facilitate substrate binding and product release, thereby promoting the full catalytic cycle.

The origins of Silverpit Crater have remained controversial since its discovery >20 years ago. This paper presents evidence for an extraterrestrial impact origin, including 3D seismic, computer simulations and ‘shocked’ minerals near the crater.

Khetarpal et al. show that the metabolic regulator PGC-1α is essential in heart muscle cells for exercise-driven cardiac growth, and that suppression of the stress-induced myokine GDF15 is required to enable cardiomyocyte adaptations to training.

This work develops CRISP, a framework using foundation models to predict drug responses in previously unseen cell types at single-cell resolution, advancing drug repurposing and drug screening capabilities.

A proteotoxic stress response specific to exhausted T cells, governed by AKT signaling and accompanied by increased protein translation, represents a mechanistic vulnerability and a new therapeutic target to improve cancer immunotherapies.

Lekkos et al. show that a metabolic switch toward oxidative phosphorylation is required for cardiomyocyte re-differentiation and heart regeneration after injury in fish.

An analog optical computer that combines analog electronics, three-dimensional optics, and an iterative architecture accelerates artificial intelligence inference and combinatorial optimization in a single platform, paving a promising path for faster and sustainable computing.

A tree-like arrangement of dichroic mirrors and multiple cameras coupled with an iterative spectral unmixing algorithm enables multispectral imaging of live cells in up to eight spectral channels with diffraction-limited spatial resolution and temporal resolution of 0.3 s for imaging a full cell volume.

Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is driven by MiT family gene fusions. Here, the authors demonstrate that RNA-binding features of TFE3 fusions facilitate condensate formation, promoting transcriptional hub assembly and oncogenic gene activation.

Seed separation ensures only high-quality seeds are used in agriculture. Here, authors present a low-cost system using ultrasonic phased arrays to manipulate, and eject seeds based on characteristics like size and colour, enabling precise, flexible, and contactless sorting.

The authors document wide variation in information density and speed of communication across the world’s languages. They find that higher-density languages communicate information more quickly but with more sustained focus than lower-density languages.

Proteome allocation to anabolic and catabolic functions is significantly regulated by growth rate in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. By contrast, this article shows that proteome allocation is only partially controlled by growth rate, and metabolic rates are primarily controlled post-translationally, in the thermophilic acetogen Thermoanaerobacter kivui.

Hueholt et al. find that considering how the rate of temperature change contributes to ecosystem risk helps inform future hypothetical design of climate intervention scenarios

Relativistic jets observed from transient neutron stars throughout the Universe produce bright flares for minutes after each X-ray burst, helping to determine the role individual system properties have on the speed and revealing the dominant launching mechanism.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Automated gait assessment models are usually specialized to clinical populations and sensor settings due to the limited size and diversity of available datasets. Simulation-based synthetic data of musculoskeletal gaits boosts dataset size and diversity, enabling more accurate and versatile gait analysis models that can be applied across diverse settings.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

Unlike human athletes, these dogs do not need to slow down when racing round a tight bend.

Suspensions of particles at high volume fractions are subject to discontinuous shear thickening or even turn into solid upon impact, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, Han et al. follow the propagation of shear bands at jamming fronts in three dimensions and show no sign of densification.

It is important to understand the mechanisms of thermally induced battery degradation and any safety hazards. Here, the authors use high-speed synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography to shed light on the structural and thermal dynamics associated with thermal runaway and failure of commercial Li-ion batteries.

Opposing forces generated by exopolysaccharide trail binding versus type IV pilus retraction generate a high cyclic diGMP–high cyclic AMP state in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that promotes social motility.

Controlling nanoscale colloidal crystallization is not straightforward. Such control is now achieved by leveraging a metastable liquid phase of charged nanocrystals.

The researchers showcase a silicon-photonics-based analog approach for large-scale image processing that can be deployed for high-speed image compression and de-noising using an auto-encoder framework with minimal power consumption.

Demystifying the spawning strategies of fish can help us understand their evolutionary drivers and better inform fisheries management. This study reveals the spawning strategies of pelagic fish, showing that the benefits of co-located spawning across time and space outweigh the potential drawbacks.

Researchers reveal mechanisms underlying non-Arrhenius temperature scaling of early embryonic cell cycle timing, using modeling, cross-species data, and reconstituted oscillations in frog egg extract.

The translation speed of tropical cyclones has decreased globally by 10% over the past 70 years, compounding the increases in cyclone-related local rainfall that have resulted from anthropogenic warming.

This Review summarizes recent technical advancements in generative AI, outlines how new models might improve healthcare and discusses validation approaches—using lessons from recent successes and failures in the field.

On the basis of neural firing rates a specific class of neuron is identified in the medial entorhinal cortex that linearly encodes information on running speed in a context-independent manner and that is distinct from other functionally specific entorhinal neurons.

The barrier function of skin epidermis requires polarized secretion of lamellar bodies towards the body surface. Here, Rudd et al. identify Flower (FWE) as a novel regulator of lamellar body trafficking and a determinant of epidermal barrier function.