Search

Pangenomic and epidemiological analyses reveal a genetic shift in U.S. Salmonella Hadar populations during 2019–20, driven by expansion of a lineage carrying a prophage-like element that likely arose in commercial poultry and spread to backyard flocks.

Light–matter interactions in monolayer MoSe₂ can be dramatically modified by the interactions between the excitonic states, leading to a rich set of light-driven coherent phenomena.

A microwave-assisted process is developed for the rapid and scalable manufacture of pure-phase metallic MoS₂ nanosheets, enabling practical electrochemical devices for energy applications.

This study projects the private costs and monetized climate and health damages of electrifying long-haul heavy-duty diesel trucks. Battery electric trucks yield net positive societal benefits by 2035, contingent on policies that accelerate adoption.

Multielectron quantum dots offer a promising platform for high-performance spin qubits; however, previous demonstrations have been limited to single-qubit operation. Here, the authors report a universal gate set and two-qubit Bell state tomography in a high-occupancy double quantum dot in silicon.

Fast inactivation is characteristic of voltage-gated sodium channels. In this work, the authors show that this process occurs in two distinct, consecutive steps and propose a lock and key model for fast inactivation.

Insecticide resistance can limit the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention, but other factors such as access and durability also contribute. Here, the authors quantify impacts of this ‘cascade’ of factors using a mathematical model.

Mass-wasting deposits that accumulated against mid-ocean ridge faults have high porosity in which calcium carbonate precipitated, storing seawater carbon dioxide, as revealed by cores of a 61-million-year-old seafloor talus deposit.

Pancreatic cancer progression is driven by a switch from HNF4G-driven transcriptional activity in primary disease to FOXA1-mediated transcription in the metastatic setting.

Dual-comb spectroscopy has become a valuable tool for broadband high-resolution measurements. Here Bergevin et al. apply this technique to a laser-induced plasma detecting different species in a solid sample with a spectral resolution sufficient to resolve hyperfine splitting of the Rb D₂ line.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Polymorphism, the presence of different crystal structures of the same molecular system, provides an opportunity to discover new phenomena and properties. Here, the authors crystallize coronene in the presence of a magnetic field, forming a different polymorph, which remains stable under ambient conditions.

A common mechanism by which cancer cells acquire resistance to chemotherapeutics is through the overexpression of efflux pumps, but platinum anticancer agents that crosslink DNA and interact with proteins are poor efflux pump substrates. Here, the authors design dual warhead drug conjugates by tethering a platinum pharmacophore to the doxorubicin backbone, which exhibit the activity of both parent anticancer compounds and can overcome drug efflux effectively due to covalent binding to intracellular biomolecules.

Due to the crystal symmetry of single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides and the fact that the conduction and valence band edges are at the zone-edge K points, the 2p exciton states are split. A two-colour pump–probe scheme is used to drive the 1s–2p exciton transition, and then probe the changes in absorption near the spectral position of the 1s line to measure the splitting energy.

The geographic extent of stripe rust, a fungal disease that adversely affects wheat production, has increased in recent decades. Observations and model simulations suggest that over 5 million tonnes of wheat are lost to this pathogen each year, necessitating a sustained annual investment of at least US$32 million into rust resistance research.

Using electrostatic doping, the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index along the extraordinary axis of semiconducting, highly aligned, single-walled carbon nanotubes over 4″ wafers can be tuned by up to 5.9% and 14.3% in the infrared at 2,200 nm and 1,660 nm, respectively.

FAM72A differentially controls mutation rates by regulating uracil processing at different stages of the cell cycle, thereby regulating somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination in B cells.

Using observations of four nearby white dwarf stars in the Milky Way halo, the age of local-field halo stars is measured to be nearly around 11 billion years.

In silicon, quantum information can be stored in donors or quantum dots, each with its advantages and limitations—particularly in terms of fabrication. Here the authors coherently couple a phosphorous donor’s electron spin to a quantum dot, encoding information in the hybrid two-electron system’s state.

By exploiting stochastic resonance — in which nonlinear coupling allows signals to grow at the expense of noise — scientists show that they can recover noise-hidden images propagating in a self-focusing medium. The findings pave the way for a variety of nonlinear instability-driven imaging techniques.

In freely moving rodents, eye movements serve to keep the visual fields of the two eyes continuously overlapping overhead at the expense of continuous alignment, a strategy that may have evolved to maintain constant overhead surveillance of predators.

Net-zero bioplastics are possible when combined with high recycling rates. This study presents a mixed polyester recycling process integrated with monomer separation and purification for both fossil- and bio-based plastics. Techno-economic and life cycle analyses confirm its environmental and commercial advantages, advancing the path toward circular, low-emission polyester plastics.

Transferrin receptor (TfR) and CD98hc are increasingly used to enable more effective drug delivery to the central nervous system. Here, the authors reveal comprehensive and distinct brain cellular and whole body biodistribution patterns of TfR- and CD98hc-binding molecules.

The authors demonstrate an exciting technique to cancel the common-mode vibration of a photonic resonator upon optical frequency division to microwave frequencies. The resulting 10 GHz microwave achieves 22.6 dB suppression of vibration noise, without incurring any penalty in phase-noise performance.

The Devonian fossil Tiktaalik roseae represents a transitional form between fishes and tetrapods. This paper presents a detailed examination of the braincase of this creature. Although primitive in many respects, some features nod to the tetrapod state.

The age of the Grand Canyon is fervently debated. Thermochronological reconstructions of canyon incision show that although parts of the canyon were carved more than 50 million years ago, two key segments formed less than 6 million years ago, implying that the canyon is a young feature.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomics analyses of more than 1,300 cases of childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia identify 15 distinct subtypes that are associated with specific outcomes.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Functional CRISPR screens in patient-matched pre-treatment and post-treatment glioblastoma models identify the PTP4A–ROBO1 axis as a driver of tumorigenicity and enriched ROBO1 expression in recurrent glioblastoma that can be targeted with CAR T cell therapy.

Trials in rhesus macaques show that a subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, comprising the spike protein receptor-binding domain displayed on a nanoparticle protein scaffold, produces a robust protective response against the virus.

At present, there are no countermeasures against the GI genogroup of noroviruses. The authors characterize a protective human antibody that broadly recognizes this genogroup.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TASL are associated with an increased risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but how these SNPs and TASL contribute to disease is unclear. Here the authors demonstrate that Tasl is required for disease pathogenesis in pre-clinical mouse models of SLE, and that an SLE-associated SNP in TASL increases its protein translation.

Progesterones, oestrogens and their receptors (PR, ERα and ERβ) are essential in normal breast development and homeostasis, as well as in breast cancer; here it is shown that PR controls ERα function by redirecting where ERα binds to the chromatin, acting as a proliferative brake in ERα⁺ breast tumours.

Focal gene amplification is a common feature of advanced and metastatic cancers. Here, the authors employ CRISPR-Cas9 nickase to target cancer-associated focal gene amplifications to selectively kill cancer cells through the production of DNA replication-associated double-strand breaks.

Producing valuable chemicals from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight through artificial conversion schemes remains a challenging and ambitious goal in photocatalysis. Here, the authors introduce an effective approach for the synthesis of C₂₊ compounds using a binary AuIr catalyst in combination with InGaN nanowires.

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) has heterogenous presentation and complex etiology. Here the authors profile peripheral blood of patients with PASC and analyze by machine-learning to identify immune and serology features that allow the stratification of PASC into inflammatory and non-inflammatory types for better diagnosis and therapy-planning.

Hagenbeek et al. identify a small-molecule pan-TEAD inhibitor that blocks the interaction between YAP/TAZ and TEAD proteins. They demonstrate that treatment with the inhibitor leads to antitumor activity and can synergize with KRAS G12C inhibition.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Readily accessible enantioenriched sulfonylhydrazides and low loadings of an inexpensive achiral Ni catalyst can be used to control the stereochemical outcome of radical cross-coupling.

The phenomenon of „ring-walking‟, wherein a metal catalyst remains bound to a pi system as it migrates to another coupling site, is supported largely by circumstantial evidence. Here the authors perform an in-depth kinetic study of Buchwald- Hartwig animations with several catalytic systems delineating the phenomenon of ring walking from diffusion-controlled coupling.

The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) is widely used in C-C bond forming reactions but the dominant mode of transmetalation remains controversial. Here the authors report a mechanistic study of a Pd catalyzed SMC under biphasic conditions where using phase transfer catalysts shifts the dominant mode of transmetalation resulting in rate enhancement.

CD4⁺ T cells are known to be important in Plasmodium infection. Here the authors use mouse models to track antigen-experienced TCR transgenic and polyclonal CD4⁺ T cells during Plasmodium re-infection, and show different T cell phenotypes and varied responses in different areas of the spleen.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Cryo-EM reveals how transthyretin moves, offering insights into ligand binding and amyloidogenesis. The work highlights the utility of cryo-EM in studying small proteins and uncovering targets for structure-based drug design in transthyretin amyloidosis.

The dynamics of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.526 suggest that resistance to neutralization by antibodies may evolve in other variants and contribute to the spread of COVID-19.

Patients with refractory ulcerative colitis often undergo ileal pouch anal anastomosis forming an ileal pouch. Here the authors use a single-cell genomics approach to show that ileal pouches from ulcerative colitis patients feature a unique type of enterocytes which express colonocyte-specific and inflammatory genes while also retaining expression of ileal marker genes.

The sustained release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic immunomodulators for metastatic melanoma by nanoscale liposomal polymeric gels administered intratumorally or systemically is demonstrated. It is also shown that such a co-delivery approach delays tumour growth and increases the survival of tumour-bearing mice, and that its efficacy results from the activation of both innate and adaptative immune responses.