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Lactobacilli are a principal microbial constituent in the human uterine cervix and vagina. Here, authors identify the stem cells in the human uterine cervix and the role of Lactobacilli metabolite in cervical stem cells and cervical cancers.

Despite the potential of nanoparticles in facilitating cascade reactions in living organisms, precisely tuning each reaction within complex networks to enhance the catalytic activity is challenging. Here, the authors report a strategy to optically control each stage of cascade enzymatic reaction using chiral plasmonic nanoparticles under right- and left-handed circularly polarized light.

Identifying the 3D crystal plane and strain field distributions of nanocrystals with concave surfaces is challenging. Here, the authors analyze the hidden concave gaps of chiral nanoparticles by using coherent Bragg X-ray diffraction imaging.

Microvilli can participate in adhesion or migration of T cells, but whether they are involved in function regulation is unclear. Here the authors show that T cell microvilli form budding vesicles containing T cell signalling components for deposition onto antigen presenting cells (APC) and modulation of APC functions.

Uninterrupted monitoring of pressure and temperature at skin interfaces can help to minimize the potential for pressure injuries in hospitalized or bedridden patients. Here, the authors introduce a soft, skin-mountable sensor that can continuously provide readings via antennas mounted under bedding, and demonstrate the functionality and robustness of the devices on patients.

An array of 2D crystals of isotropic, 432-symmetric chiral gold nanoparticles is shown to exhibit collective resonances with a strong and uniform chiral near field, allowing enantioselective detection by the collective circular dichroism.

Chiral plasmonic nanoparticles are of great interest in nanotechnology. Here, the authors demonstrate chiral shape guidance by single-stranded oligonucleotides during particle growth based on sequence-specific hydrogen bonding within the strand.

The power consumption of control/readout electronics remains a limiting factor for large-scale quantum computers. Here, the authors demonstrate III–V semiconductor and Nb superconductor-based cryogenic electronics integrated on silicon for large-scale quantum computing systems.

Bahn et al explore the role of the lipid raft protein Prominin-1 in liver regeneration. They show that Prominin-1 promotes hepatocyte proliferation after acute liver injury by interacting with the signal transducer GP130, confining it to lipid rafts and activating IL-6 signaling pathway and eventual activation of STAT3.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Here the authors merge spatiotemporal modulation LED device, precise control and efficient polarization emission and programmable patterning/positioning using 3D printing demonstrating encryption in visible light communication (VLC) enabled by polarization state modulation.

The deprivation of amino acids in the tumor microenvironment affects T cell survival and activation. Here the authors show that reduced levels of methionine are associated with PD1 upregulation in CD4+ T cells and that methionine supplementation promotes CD4+ T cell dependent anti-tumor immune responses.

The tensile strength of a carbon nanotube fiber is predicted to increase as its constituent nanotubes become more perfectly and densely aligned. Here, the authors present an optimized direct-spinning and chlorosulfonic acid densification method to rapidly produce carbon nanotube fibers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties.

Ependymal cells are supporting cells in the central nervous system. Here the authors elucidate a signalling axis in zebrafish spinal cord ependymal cells that is important for motile cilia assembly and maintenance, demonstrating that it depends on intercellular propagation of calcium ions via connexin 43.

The emergence of chiral morphologies from achiral building blocks is not well understood. Deep learning-based interpretation provides representative models for the process of symmetry breaking and chiral development during the growth of gold nanoparticles.

The role of brain somatic mutations in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not well understood. Here the authors carry out high-depth exome sequencing ~500× on brain tissue from patients with AD and controls, and identify mutations in a number of genes that are known to contribute to phosphorylation and aggregation of tau, including PIN1.

Ion channels could be directly regulated by the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Here, authors present the cryo-EM structure of an ion channel-Gα complex, TRPC5-Gα_i3, and present functional insights into their direct interaction.

The stress response protein REDD1 is regulates inflammation and energy metabolism. Here the authors report that global or adipocyte-specific deletion of REDD1 inhibits diet induced obesity, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and inflammation in mice, at least in part via reduced atypical NF-κB activation.

An analysis of gut microbiomes of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer reveals an association between Bifidobacterium bifidum abundance and response to cancer therapy. In murine models of syngeneic tumours, administration of commercial B. bifidum strains synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade to reduce tumour burden, but the therapeutic potential of B. bifidum is affected by strain-level variation.

Adipose tissue has an important role in metabolic homeostasis and undergoes age-related changes contributing to metabolic decline, via mechanisms that remain incompletely explored. Here the authors show that Crtc2 deficiency in adipocytes protects against age-related hyperactivation of the BCAA–mTORC1 axis and metabolic alterations.

Elevated levels of IgE is associated with a range of allergic pathology but the source of such IgE producing B cells during the steady state is poorly understood. Here, Kwon et al. show that homeostatic IgE is secreted by plasma cells in the thymus and link this to mast cell survival.

Sub-micron-thick InGaAs PD using guided-mode resonance for advanced high-resolution SWIR image sensors for wide band, high efficiency, and low X-talk

This work demonstrates a room-temperature waveguide-integrated mid-infrared (>4 µm) photodetector on a Ge-on-insulator platform using the bolometric effect. It achieves ultrabroadband responsivity and label-free gas sensing on a monolithic chip with a CMOS-compatible solution.

Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) is a leucine sensor of the mTORC1 pathway. Here, the authors identify inhibitors of the GTPase activating function of LRS, not affecting its catalytic activity, and demonstrate that the leucine sensor function of LRS can be a new target for mTORC1 inhibition.

Diffuse Gastric Cancer (DGC) is increasingly being considered separate to intestinal type gastric cancer; several fusions events have been reported as drivers of the disease but few of those have been subsequently validated. Here the authors perform RNA-seq on early-onset DGC patients who had not been treated with chemotherapy or radiation and identify a previously unknown fusion.