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The development of materials exhibiting efficient and controllable circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence remains challenging, primarily due to inefficient chirality transfer and the limited ability to regulate chiral environments. Here, the authors address this challenge by constructing homopolypeptide vesicles bearing achiral phosphorescent terminals and embedding them within a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix.

A solid-state flash 3D imaging system is demonstrated using stepped-frequency modulation and CCD-based coherent detection, achieving submillimeter precision, long-range detection, and scalable pixel performance.

Kir7.1 is an essential potassium channel. The authors report cryo-EM structures in multiple states revealing how bioactive lipids modulate Kir7.1, and define a pharmacological landscape that identifies agonists with therapeutic potential.

A lab-scale proof-of-principle demonstration of a quantum network comprising one server chip and 20 client photonic chips implementing twin-field quantum key distribution shows excellent scalability and reliability and yields a pathway towards future large-scale networks.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Zeng et al. applied single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to native samples isolated from the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii, determining multiple structures of key components of the conoid, a cone-shaped organelle essential for host cell invasion.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Signalosomes amplify cellular responses, but how they avoid uncontrolled activation is unclear. The authors use quantitative super-resolution imaging and mathematical modeling to reveal optimal RIP3:RIP1 ratios that ensure precise cell death signaling.

Real-time prediction of dynamic systems is a challenge in balancing accuracy and computational efficiency. Here, the authors propose a regional graph representation with a time-aware expert module, enabling scalable multi-scale modeling that improves both speed and long-term forecasting accuracy.

Analysis of 43,191 genomes obtained from publicly available marine bacterial and archaeal metagenome data provides insights into marine bacterial evolution, CRISPR–Cas defence and antibiotic resistance genes, and demonstrates the potential of marine metagenomes for biotechnological applications.

The paper presents an enhanced framework for predicting flight paths using wavelet transform. It improves accuracy by addressing error accumulation and capturing multi scale flight patterns, achieving significant error reduction in multi-horizon predictions compared to previous methods.

The alga Aureococcus anophagefferens can form dense brown-tide blooms partly because it adapts well to light changes. This study reveals two glutamate residues in its light-harvesting proteins as critical for dissipating excess light energy, supporting its survival and bloom formation.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Single-cell proteomics by data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry is growing, but data analysis approaches vary widely. Here, authors benchmark and recommend optimal strategies for analyzing DIA-based single-cell proteomics data.

Flexible electronics need to balance conductivity and material performance. Here the authors report a PDMS based conductor using in-situ silver nanoparticle formation to optimize these properties.

Understanding the impact of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium deposition is crucial for developing high-energy lithium metal batteries. Here, authors elucidate the multi-scale effects of the SEI on lithium deposition behavior based on the established SEI-omics framework.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, treatment with IBI343, a CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, was safe and showed encouraging clinical responses in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

This study traces a pathway for the natural formation of silver sulfide and silver wire through the coalescence of silver sulfide nanoparticles and solid-state silver ions aggregation that is responsible for high-grade silver deposits

Dysregulated R-loops can compromise genome stability, leading to pathological consequences. Li et al. demonstrate that R-loop-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activation orchestrates exonuclease 3′–5′ domain-containing 2-mediated R-loop resolution, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity.

Highly protected areas help drylands stay productive under increasing aridity, delaying critical ecosystem thresholds and underscoring the need to expand protection to safeguard these vulnerable regions from climate change.

Siltartoxatug, a first-in-class recombinant monoclonal antibody for tetanus prophylaxis, was shown to be safe and superior to plasma-derived human tetanus immunoglobulin in achieving anti-tetanus neutralizing antibody titers 12 hours after administration.

The impact of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) on device longevity has been overlooked. Here, the authors employ thermal evaporated yttrium oxide to strengthen structural stability of FTO, achieving maximum efficiency of 26.48% and 28.47% in regular and all-perovskite tandem structures, respectively.

A symmetry-broken Mn(II) dimer enables the dual-stimuli-responsive luminescence through spin-canted Mn‒Mn coupling, providing a new mechanism for modulating d-d transitions and serving an optical manometer for sensing.

Local structure control is challenging in high entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts. Here, the authors report finely tailoring the local clustering in HEA catalysts through rational composition design and sequential pulse annealing, achieving enhanced activity and stability for ethanol electrooxidation.

Rice stripe virus deploys its SP protein to dismantle SERRATE condensates in rice cells, blocking microRNA production and enhancing viral spread. This discovery reveals how viruses can hijack host phase separation to modulate gene regulation.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of nine tetraploid and two diploid wild Oryza species provide insights into genome evolution within the genus Oryza and the potential for crop improvement and neodomestication.

Focused ultrasound could be used to change the geometry of implanted shape-memory medical devices noninvasively. Here, the authors demonstrate this concept on large animal models, showing device removal and trigger drug release.

The ICP1 (International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh cholera phage 1) clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas system, which lacks the helical bundle domain in Cas8f, uses Cas1 to mediate the interference stage by connecting Cas2/3 to the DNA-bound CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (Cascade).

The growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline 2D semiconductors on sapphire is important for their electronic applications, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here, the authors study the influence of air-induced sapphire surface hydrolysis on the growth process of 2D WS₂ and propose an ultraviolet light healing method to repair the degraded substrates.

The formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is promising for boosting cancer immunotherapy, but it is challenging to develop potential inducers for TLS formation. Here, the authors report a covalent organic framework (COF) that is able to trigger TLS formation.

Here, the authors present an expanded version of the Cultivated Genome Reference (CGR), termed CGR2, a catalog that includes 3324 high-quality draft genomes based on gut bacterial isolates from Chinese individuals, and classifies 527 species from 8 phyla, including 179 previously unidentified species, and provides information of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and gut phage-bacteria interactions.

Pan-genomes provide useful resources for evolutionary studies, functional genomics and breeding of cultivated plants. Here, the authors report a new rice pan-genome including 73 Asian rice and two wild relatives (Oryza rufipogon and O. punctata), and reveal the prevalence and scale of large inversions across the pan-genome.

TMCO1 is a recently described endoplasmic reticular Ca²⁺ channel. Here, the authors show it is important for osteoblast function and bone formation in mice, and identify a novel pathway linking local increases in Ca²⁺ at the ER surface with the posttranslational modification of RUNX2.

Reversed forks must be protected from uncontrolled nucleolytic degradation. Xie et al. reveal a collaborative defense mechanism orchestrated by Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain-containing protein 4 and the breast cancer susceptibility proteins (BRCA1/2)–DNA repair protein RAD51 pathway, which synergistically preserve the integrity of reversed forks.

Gasdermin E (GSDME) is abundantly expressed, but its physiological function remains unclear. Here, the authors show a non-pyroptotic function of GSDME in limiting renal inflammation during cisplatin nephrotoxicity by regulating O-GlcNAcylation and STAT3-S100A7A-RAGE signaling.

Organic solar cells with a bulk-heterojunction architecture suffer from photocurrent loss driven by triplet states. Now, Jiang et al. show that sequentially deposited donor–acceptor planar–mixed heterojunctions suppress triplet formation, enabling efficiencies over 19%.

To understand the anomalous electronic transport properties of ZrTe₅ remains an elusive puzzle. Here, Zhang et al. report direct electronic evidence to the origin of the resistivity anomaly and temperature induced Lifshitz transition in ZrTe₅, indicating it being a weak topological insulator.

The spike glycoprotein in coronaviruses is a key viral protein for cross-species transmission and infection. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structures of the spike ectodomains from bat and pangolin coronaviruses, compare them with the available SARS-CoV-2 spike structures and discuss implications for the evolution and cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Neutralizing antibodies are currently one versatile strategy to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, Li et al. characterize three monoclonal antibodies neutralizing authentic virus infection in vitro and in vivo by targeting the receptor binding domain as evidenced by Cryo-EM.

Cryoelectron microscopy, cryoelectron tomography and proteomics are used to resolve the 96-nm modular repeat of axonemal doublet microtubules from both sperm flagella and epithelial cilia of the oviduct, brain ventricles and respiratory tract.

Low temperatures pose challenges to applying sustainable anammox technology in non-tropical regions. Here, authors propose a partial denitrification coupling anammox process and conduct a pilot-scale evaluation, offering insights into extending anammox applications to colder locations.

Discovery of a biochemical mechanism through which lactate binds and inhibits the SUMO protease SENP1, stimulating timed degradation of cell cycle proteins, and resulting in mitotic exit.

Structures of the yeast replisome associated with the FACT complex and an evicted histone hexamer offer insights into the mechanism of replication-coupled histone recycling for maintaining epigenetic inheritance.

This study presents the difference in oxidation potential between metals and carbon as a thermodynamic factor for designing multielement heterostructures. A roll-to-roll carbothermal shock technology is developed to achieve one-step synthesis and continuous manufacturing of the multielement heterostructures.

Foundation models enable rapid adaptation to various downstream tasks and are hence about to become a new paradigm in biomedicine. Here, the authors develop LLaVA-Rad, a small AI that bests larger models in chest X-ray interpretation, and CheXprompt, a radiologist-aligned factuality metric, to enable scalable, privacy-preserving image analysis.