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Siltartoxatug, a first-in-class recombinant monoclonal antibody for tetanus prophylaxis, was shown to be safe and superior to plasma-derived human tetanus immunoglobulin in achieving anti-tetanus neutralizing antibody titers 12 hours after administration.

Formic acid (FA) is a promising CO2-equivalent feedstock for onecarbon biorefinery, but microbial host that can efficiently utilize FA is unavailable. Here, the authors engineer a non-native closed loop in Vibrio natriegens and demonstrate its application in promoting FA utilization.

The authors present an efficient hot-electron generation system facilitated by the spin-exchange Auger process in Mn2 + -doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots. These hot electrons can be used in a wide range of organic reactions, such as the Birch reduction and reductive cleavage of C-Cl, C-Br, C-I, C-O, C-C, and N-S bonds.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Jia et al. uncover a molecular mechanism based on the balance of nitrate-sensitive protein–protein interaction between ferredoxins ZmFd4 and ZmFd9, together antagonistically targeting ZmNiR enzymes, thus regulating NO₃^– assimilation in maize.

Biophysical cues play a crucial role in T cell biology, yet their implications in adoptive T cell therapy remain elusive. Here the authors use a charged substrate to enhance T cell proliferation and anti-tumor function for adoptive transfer therapy, with the mechanism of amplifying TCR signaling, activating EGR1 signaling and impeding virtual memory T polarization.

The antidiabetic drug acarbose is shown to be degraded by a Klebsiella species present in the human gut, which is enriched with acarbose treatment and might mediate acarbose resistance and variations in clinical efficacy observed in patients.

Herpes simplex encephalitis caused by HSV-1 is a common viral encephalitis with severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Here, the authors developed a new 3D human neurovascular unit (NVU) model in vitro that allows to probe the neuropathogenesis and therapeutics of HSV-1-associated encephalitis.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes contributes to the pathogenesis during heart failure. Here the authors report that the transcriptional repressor HEY2 regulates mitochondrial metabolism and cardiac function in adult mouse and zebrafish hearts.

The viral polymerase complex is crucial for both genome replication and transcription in non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Here, the authors link varying structures of polymerase complexes with their dual functions and propose a sliding model for them to advance along the RNA templates.

The biological and clinical implications of high genome instability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain to be explored. Here, the authors analyse 528 whole genomes and investigate the landscape and molecular mechanisms underlying structural variations in ESCC patients.

Clinically identified mutations in CTCF have been linked to adverse developmental outcomes. Here, the authors explore the regulatory roles of the CTCF^R567W point mutation, by introducing it into both murine models and human embryonic stem cell-derived cortical organoid models.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein mediates viral entry by binding of its receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and mutations of the S protein may have a great impact on virus transmissibility. Here, the authors characterize the interactions of six different SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants among them Alpha, Beta and Gamma and present crystal structures of these ACE2-RBD complexes.

Responsive exocytosis in neutrophil leukocytes involves actin depolymerisation-dependent sequential release of gelatinase granules, then strongly pro-inflammatory azurophilic granules. Here authors show that the actin nucleator protein WASH facilitates the initial step of innate immune activation by gelatinase granules while inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory granules.

HARP are member of protein-only RNase P, which catalyzes pre-tRNA 5’-end processing and maturation. Here, the authors present crystal structure and provide mechanistic insights into pre-tRNA binding and cleavage by HARP proteins.

pLink, software for data analysis of cross-linked proteins coupled with mass spectrometry, estimates false discovery rate and enables analysis of protein complexes without extensive purification.

A complex of RNA and protein known as the box C/D RNP catalyses the site-specific modification of RNAs with a 2′-O-methylation group. The structure of the full complex has now been solved, including the guide RNA and either of two substrate RNAs. This structure reveals how the guide and target RNAs are aligned, and how the methyltransferase subunit, fibrillarin, facilitates placement of the target ribose into the active site.

This study shows that intermittent fasting (IF) protects against Alzheimer’s disease in a transgenic mouse model. The authors demonstrate that altered metabolism through remodeling of the gut microbiota mediates the beneficial effects of IF regimen.

Influenza virus is attenuated for vaccine production using PROTAC degradation technology.

The authors identify one emerging H2N2 AIV, reveal the molecular basis of human-type receptor binding of the H2N2 AIV and pandemic strains, and evaluate the public risk of H2N2 AIV by its infection, transmission and mammalian-adaptation features.

Gao and colleagues report a structure-guided chimeric antigen based on the A35 and M1 antigens of the mpox virus (MPXV) that induces strong MPXV-specific antibody responses and protection against lethal doses of vaccinia virus in mice.

There are limited therapeutics available for treatment of mpox. In this study, the authors identify two non-competing human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with protective effects against orthopoxvirus infection in a mouse model and structurally resolve the targeted epitope within the MPXV B6 protein.

A deep understanding of low-temperature transport properties of GeTe material remains a challenge. Here, the authors investigate phase-coherent phenomena in GeTe nanowire structures where the occurrence of magnetic flux-periodic oscillations come from the formation of a tubular hole accumulation layer.

RNA-cleaving DNA enzymes are catalytic DNA that can cleave RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Here, the authors report three crystal structures of the 8–17 DNAzyme that include the pre-catalytic state of the RNA cleavage reaction, providing insight into the catalytic mechanism and may guide the rational design of DNAzymes.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evolves into multiple sub-variants. Here, authors evaluate the binding capacity of these sub-variants to human and animal ACE2s and reveal molecular bases for their receptor binding and broader interspecies recognition.