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Stable anti-ambipolar organic materials are limited, thus preventing the design of integrated, tunable, and multifunctional neuromorphic systems. Here, the authors report a small form factor neuromorphic circuit based on organic anti-ambipolar materials, mimicking the pre-processing functions of the retina.

Irreversible computation cannot be performed without a work cost, and energy dissipation imposes limitations on devices' performances. Here the authors show that the minimal work requirement of logical operations is given by the amount of discarded information, measured by entropy.

Characterizing quantum states is vital for quantum information or metrology tasks, but it remains challenging. Here, by a combination of weak and strong measurements, the authors directly measure the probability amplitudes of a pure state in the orbital angular momentum basis with dimensionality of 27.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Device-level complexity represents a big shortcoming for the hardware realization of analogue memory-based deep neural networks. Mackin et al. report a generalized computational framework, translating software-trained weights into analogue hardware weights, to minimise inference accuracy degradation.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

Researchers experimentally demonstrate the first joint-detection receiver capable of performing a joint measurement over pulse-position-modulation codewords. This result — the largest improvement over the standard quantum limit reported to date — is accomplished by using a conditional nulling receiver, which uses optimized-amplitude coherent pulse nulling, single-photon detection and quantum feedforward.

A mixed-precision heterogeneous memristor combined with a compute-in-memory artificial intelligence (AI) processor allows optimization of the precision, energy efficiency, storage and wakeup-to-response time requirements of AI edge devices, which is demonstrated using existing models and datasets.

Combining magnetic and semiconducting properties in a single material offers great technological potential, all the more so if these are coupled with good optical properties. Here, Neumann et al. present a Manganese doped Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite with this trifecta of attributes.

The first annotated chromosome-level reference genome assembly for pea, Gregor Mendel’s original genetic model, provides insights into legume genome evolution and the molecular basis of agricultural traits for pea improvement.

Microtubules are built from GDP-tubulin lattices with small GTP caps at their plus-ends. Here, the authors reveal that microtubules that attach to kinetochores in mitosis contain, in addition to the GTP-cap and the GDP-lattices, a dynamic micron-sized mixed-nucleotide zone.

Here, the authors present and characterise a collection of human gut bacteria including novel taxa associated with health conditions and a large diversity of plasmids. All isolates, their genomes and metadata are publicly available, facilitating research by others (www.hibc.rwth-aachen.de).

Recognition memory for other individuals forms quickly. Here the authors show that such memories are enabled by oxytocin and can be retrieved from reinforced and more distinct neural representations even when only limited sensory information is available.

Here, Thorsen et al. bridge new and previous results from the COPSAC₂₀₀₀ prospective birth cohort and the later COPSAC₂₀₁₀ cohort, by constructing a combined bacterial pathogen score with implications for the early-life airway microbiota and the risk of asthma later in childhood

The usual laws of thermodynamics that are valid for macroscopic systems do not necessarily apply to the nanoscale, where quantum effects become important. Here, the authors develop a theoretical framework based on quantum information theory to properly treat thermodynamics at the nanoscale.

Pump–probe measurements conventionally achieve femtosecond time resolution for X-ray crystallography of reactive processes, but the measured structural dynamics are complex. Using coherent control techniques, we show that the ultrafast crystallographic differences of a fluorescent protein are dominated by ground-state vibrational processes that are unconnected to the photoisomerization reaction of the chromophore.

Using a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the faba bean genome, the genetic basis of seed size and hilum colour is explored.

The non-coding RNA RNU4-2, which is highly expressed in the developing human brain, is identified as a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder gene, and, using RNA sequencing, 5′ splice-site use is shown to be systematically disrupted in individuals with RNU4-2 variants.

Albicidin is a peptide antibiotic that has shown great promise for inhibiting DNA topoisomerase of fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, but its mode of action is not fully clear. Now, cryoelectron microscopy structures of albicidin–gyrase complexes provide detailed insights into the mechanism of this natural product.

A central concept in thermodynamics is the thermal state, which is the one towards which the system relaxes. Here, the authors derive the same state, through three different approaches, in the case of a quantum system whose conserved quantities correspond to operators that do not commute with one another.

Where and how the brain learns from experience is not fully understood. Here the authors use a hierarchical approach from behavioural modelling to systems fMRI to cellular coding reveals brain mechanisms for history informed updating of future predictions.

Little is known about the developmental causes of aortic root defects. Here the authors show that the inactivation of Sox17 in aortic root endothelium results in aortic root defects affecting aortic valve and coronary ostium.

Organic transistors that can simulate basic synaptic functions and act as biomimetic devices are advantageous for next generation bioelectronics. Here, the authors realize non-volatile organic electrochemical transistors with optimized performance required for associative learning circuits.

Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allows for non-invasive disease monitoring and characterization. Here the authors describe an alternative CTC isolation method based on the ability of the malaria rVAR2 protein to specifically bind oncofetal chondroitin sulfate, which is expressed by all cancer cells

The inner hair cells (IHCs) within the cochlea convey sound information and have been thought to be electrically and metabolically independent from each other. Here authors report that a subset of IHCs are electrochemically coupled in ‘mini-syncytia’.

Oppenheimer has been praised for its portrayal of the creation of the atomic bomb. Nature spoke to three scientists involved in the film’s production.

A synaptic neuron and astrocyte program (SNAP) varies among healthy humans, may shape interindividual differences in synapses and plasticity, and is undermined in schizophrenia and with advancing age.

This Resource describes data, code and tools developed for the Human Reference Atlas and the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program for building and navigating a multiscale human atlas.

EzMechanism is a tool for automated prediction of the catalytic mechanisms of enzymes using their three-dimensional structures and chemical reactions as input.

Is it possible to single out the thermal state from all the passive states even when not operating in the thermodynamic limit? Here, the authors show that an optimal amount of energy can be extracted from any athermal quantum state when using a machine that operates in a reversible cycle.

Brain-inspired neuromorphic algorithms and systems have shown essential advance in efficiency and capabilities of AI applications. In this Perspective, the authors introduce NeuroBench, a benchmark framework for neuromorphic approaches, collaboratively designed by researchers across industry and academia.

This large, multi-ethnic genome-wide association study identifies 97 loci significantly associated with atrial fibrillation. These loci are enriched for genes involved in cardiac development, electrophysiology, structure and contractile function.

The electronic band structure of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides is strongly sensitive to the number of layers, resulting in modified light emission. Here, the authors investigate the cryogenic emission from bilayer WSe₂ to identify the role of momentum-indirect excitons for its optical response.

A computational approach to generate reference-free protein families from the sequence space in metagenomes reveals an enormously diverse functional space.

While the role of effective population size (N_e) in explaining variation in genetic diversity has received much attention, the role of spontaneous mutation rate is largely ignored. Here, Xu et al. show that giant duckweed has a high N_e yet low genetic diversity, likely due to its low mutation rate.

Deep space exploration missions will require new technologies that can support astronaut health systems, as well as biological monitoring and research systems that can function independently from Earth-based mission control centres. A NASA workshop explored how artificial intelligence advances could help address these challenges and, in this second of two Review articles based on the findings from the workshop, the intersection between artificial intelligence and space biology is discussed.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterised by asthma, eosinophilia and vasculitis. Here, the authors describe a genome-wide association study of EGPA that reveals clinical and genetic differences between subgroups stratified by autoantibody status (ANCA).

Cataloging microbial genomes from Earth’s environments expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea.

Turbulent rotating convection controls many observed features in stars and planets, such as magnetic fields. It has been argued that the influence of rotation on turbulent convection dynamics is governed by the ratio of the relevant global-scale forces: the Coriolis force and the buoyancy force. This paper presents results from laboratory and numerical experiments which exhibit transitions between rotationally dominated and non-rotating behaviour that are not determined by this global force balance. Instead, the transition is controlled by the relative thicknesses of the thermal (non-rotating) and Ekman (rotating) boundary layers.

Organ Mapping Antibody Panels are a community-led initiative to create standardized antibody panels for multiplexed spatial imaging.

Blocking the enzyme KMO with a small molecule reduces the levels of toxic tryptophan metabolites and reduces multiple extrapancreatic organ failure in a rat model of acute pancreatitis.

A wide range of methodology will be needed to bridge the gap between genome sequence and mechanistic understanding in biology. Recent advances in high-throughput genetic screening address this task.