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Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation and ubiquitination tune TCR signaling to avoid self-reactivity. Kim and colleagues show that acetylation also modulates TCR signaling.

Fang et al. report a scalable solution-soaking quenching technique to enable uniform passivation of large-area wide-bandgap perovskite films, resulting in 10.13 cm² solar modules with 20.32% efficiency, prolonged lifespan, and applications in tandem solar windows, transparent agrivoltaics, and portable power systems.

A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

Soil-based compound dry-hot extremes represent a critical yet underappreciated driver of ecosystem stress. This study shows that their frequency and coverage area have increased markedly in China due to anthropogenic soil warming, which may pose growing adverse impacts on vegetation productivity.

Wang, Zheng, Qian, Pan, Tian et al. characterize the crosstalk between peritumoural visceral adipose tissue and colorectal tumour microenvironment and report an immune escape mechanism, which may be potentially targeted for improved immunotherapy.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Combining generative AI and one round of wet lab evolution generates high-affinity RNA aptamers.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

An integrated photonics scheme is presented for the manufacture of communication systems supporting the use of fibre and wireless infrastructures simultaneously, addressing the long-standing bandwidth mismatch between the two domains and demonstrating ultrahigh data rates.

Dissipative many body systems provide quantum-enhanced sensitivity to external near gap-closing points. Here, the authors demonstrate record sensitivity in a Rydberg-atomic platform in correspondence of folded hysteresis trajectories under external microwave driving

Systemic flavivirus dissemination in mosquitoes following initial infection requires protein–protein interactions within extracellular vesicles, which enable infectious particles to be transported through haemolymph and confer species specificity.

Here authors show that dangling-bond-induced surface states are critical in governing Fermi level pinning at the metal-semiconductor interfaces. The reconstruction-induced self-passivation of dangling bonds leads to Si having a weaker pinning than Ge, which prefers non-reconstruction.

The substantia nigra and all Parkinson’s disease deep-brain stimulation targets are selectively connected to the somato-cognitive action network rather than to effector-specific motor regions.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing profiling of human retinal samples from diverse ancestries create an epitranscriptomic atlas characterizing over 130 cell types. Integration with genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data provides further insights into gene regulation and disease etiology.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

MiRNAs and natural antisense transcripts can both regulate gene expression and plant development. Here, the authors show that cis-NATs to MIR398 repress processing of pri-miR398 and that cis-NAT expression is downregulated at high temperatures, contributing to miR398 mediated thermotolerance responses.

Germanium (Ge) has potential as a dopant suitable for the hematite-based photoelectrochemical water splitting system. Here, the authors report the fabrication of Ge doped porous hematite and demonstrate an efficient tandem system of Ge doped porous hematite and the perovskite solar cell.

A vascular graft enables wireless, real-time and continuous stenosis diagnosis and management.

Recombinant MHC class II molecules are instrumental in antigen-specific T-cell identification assays and showed efficacy as experimental medicines. Here, the authors engineer MHC class II molecules with species-specific knob-into-hole heteromerization domains, enabling a translatable purification process with improved stability, yields, and biological potency.

The role of protein UFMylation in cancer remains to be understood. Here, the authors show that UFM1-specific ligase 1 and AKT positively regulate each other through UFMylation and phosphorylation, facilitating lipid synthesis and breast tumor growth.

A van der Waals heterostructure made from atomic layers of ferroelectric CuCrP₂S₆ and ferromagnetic Fe₃GeTe₂ can offer reversible, non-volatile ferroelectric control of two-dimensional magnetism.

Here, authors use Cryo-FIB and Cryo-TEM to reveal the atomic structures of the sulfide electrolyte/Si electrode interfaces, showing that the continuous lithium-ion consumption during interfacial reaction rather than interface impedance leads to capacity fade and battery failure.

DNA demethylation enzyme TET1 is a known oncogene in leukemia. Here, the authors discover that TET1 is involved in GPX4-dependent and -independent ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia via the regulation of GSH synthesis enzyme GCLC and BH4 synthesis enzyme GCH1.

Surface decoration of E. coli Nissle 1917 with modified lignin creates a robust living therapeutic that survives the GI tract to effectively treat ulcerative colitis by reshaping the gut microbiota.

A disc device integrating chromatography, centripetal liquid transfer and bead-based vesicle capture enables extracellular vesicle isolation and labelling, achieving high accuracy in cancer detection and tumour classification.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Disulfide bonds act as dynamic redox switches that modulate protein function. Here, the authors reveal a glycoside hydrolase in which reversible disulfide formation remodels the active site to control catalysis.

A combination of biochemical, cell biological and electron microscopy analyses reveal a ‘nucleotide code’ that coordinates Lis1–dynein binding stoichiometry, which in turn governs Lis1’s ability to relieve dynein autoinhibition.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Leaf and vein development must be precisely coordinated, yet the molecular signals linking these processes have remained unclear. This study identifies JUL1 as a non–cell-autonomous regulator that connects vascular development with the refinement of leaf polarity.

Stable adipocytes resist lipolysis in healthy states but are highly susceptible to a catecholamine-independent, neurosystemic pathway-driven catabolic state.

Electrochemical CO reduction to multi-carbon products offers a carbon-negative approach to produce chemicals, but the intricate reaction pathways lead to a broad spectrum of products. Now it has been shown that alkali cations alter the mechanistic pathways that govern the reaction selectivity involved in the formation of hydrocarbons versus oxygenates.

Structural, genetic, functional and biochemical analyses of the complex flagellar motor of Campylobacter jejuni reveal structural adaptations with an ancient origin also found more widely across bacterial species, including elements exapted from the type IV pilus machinery.

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and accumulation of circulating free (cf) DNA increase with age but it is unknown whether DNA fragments cause joint inflammation. Here authors show that cf DNA levels are higher in RA patients and that in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, the exonuclease TREX1 suppresses synovial inflammation via promoting the degradation of cf DNA and inhibiting a senescence-like cellular state.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with enhanced risk to develop endometrial cancer (EC). Here, the authors show that oleic acid, increased in MS, promotes endometrial cancer by supporting the stability of the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism ODC1 and polyamine accumulation.

A denoising model on a Riemannian manifold is developed to better capture molecular energy changes and enable more accurate and robust molecular structure optimization, outperforming conventional Euclidean approaches.

This study demonstrated that different types of HC-Pros from potyviruses exhibit varying capacities to inhibit HEN1. This results in distinct levels of autophagic AGO1 degradation, which in turn leads to differences in RNA silencing suppression efficiency.

This study shows that high-molecular weight tau has enhanced seeding capacity, and seeding differences can define molecular subtypes of progressive supranuclear palsy, underpinning the disease’s heterogeneity.

The authors proposed a Silicon technology-compatible approach to convert Germanium from an indirect bandgap to a direct bandgap via doping. This is done to expand the lattice to produce tunable effective tensile strain, aiming towards the on-chip light sources.

Measuring vector quantities in nanoscale systems is challenging — often only scalar magnitudes can be experimentally obtained. Now, a multi-frequency atomic force microscopy method for probing the 3D force response of a Ge(001) surface is reported.

Alloy anode materials are receiving renewed interest. Here the authors show the design of Ge-Zn nanofibers for lithium ion batteries. Featured by a homogeneous composition at the atomic level and other favorable structural attributes, the materials allow for impressive electrochemical performance.

Using volatile vanadium oxide and non-volatile tantalum oxide/hafnium oxide memristor arrays, a first-principles Fourier transform system can be created that can outperform conventional Fourier transform hardware in terms of throughput and reduce memory cost.

Phase transitions in Na layered transition metal oxide materials involving slab gliding and considerable lattice parameter changes limit the battery cycling life, especially at high voltages. Here, authors pre-engineer 15.8% O-type stacking faults to a P-type Na0.7Mn0.8Ni0.2O2, improving stability and enabling an electrode specific energy of 635 Wh kg-1 with 600-cycle life.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Most current antidepressants target SERT and NET but often have limited efficacy or side effects. Here, authors reveal how five triple reuptake inhibitors bind to DAT, offering structural insights to guide development of more effective antidepressants.