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Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Artificial cilia array devices are developed for sound frequency decoding and executing tasks such as drug release.

Urothelial bladder cancer (UC) progression occurs as a multi-step process that leads to different kinds of lesions and subtypes. Here, the authors characterise benign and invasive lesions that occur during UC progression using proteogenomics in patient samples and show critical molecular pathways and prognostic associations.

Van Hove singularities in crystals and the boson peak in glasses are both deviations from the Debye theory of phonons. A unified model for the vibrational density of states now shows when these two phenomena have distinct phononic origins.

Wang, He, Gong and colleagues identify an age-related decline in the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC11 in chondrocytes that leads to senescence and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, highlighting the potential of targeted ZDHHC11 delivery as a therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Multi-omics integrating genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic variation, coupled with mutant validation, identified 85 high-confidence WUE and drought resilience genes in wheat, with TaMYB7-A1 confirmed as a key regulator.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

Altermagnetism arises from a combination of crystal symmetry and magnetic ordering. For the altermagnetic properties to be clear, and technologically useful, the same crystal variant must be present over the entire sample. Here, He, Wen and coauthors achieve such single variant thin films in RuO₂, confirming the altermagnetic properties via XMLD and transport measurements.

Cardiovascular diseases often co-occur. Here the authors conduct cross-disease genome wide association studies using multi-trait analyses to uncover shared genetic mechanisms contributing to overlapping risk profiles.

CRISPR-based diagnostics are often limited by complex workflows and poor validation. Here the authors develop and validate a one-pot asymmetric CRISPR assay, which permits rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in a format which is suitable for resource-limited settings.

SLCO2A1 is an important prostaglandin (PG) transporter that regulates inactivation and distribution of PG. Here, authors present the cryo-EM structures of human SLCO2A1 bound with PGE₂, revealing the structural basis of PG recognition and transport.

Nitrogen promotes wheat’s recovery after drought stress through the TaSnRK2.10-TaNLP7 module. This breakthrough connects drought-stress signalling with nitrate response pathways, providing a genetic framework for developing climate-resilient crops.

IRF3 initiates type I IFN transcription, and this is required for host defense. Here, Chen and colleagues show that RAD18 terminates the transcriptional activity of IRF3 and subsequently promotes the autophagic degradation of IRF3.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

An on-eyelid soft sensor that tracks eye movements based on the magnetoelastic effect can be used to continuously monitor and quantitatively assess levels of fatigue.

MedSegX is a vision foundation model for open-world medical image segmentation, and its accompanying dataset covers a large number of segmentation tasks across 39 organs and tissues.

Here, the authors report a decoupled electrochemical flow microreactor hyphenated mass spectrometry (DEC-FMR-MS) platform for high-throughput reaction screening and intermediate tracking of electrosynthesis.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Antimicrobial resistance has evolved over decades due to widespread antimicrobial use, with resistance genes now circulating across humans, animals and the environment, creating complex cross-sector connectivity challenges. This Perspective advocates for genomics-based studies of AMR connectivity to enable coordinated global action and investment under the One Health framework.

In a small trial of patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis, treatment with allogeneic T cells with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor inserted into the T cell receptor locus and deletion of the PD-1 (PDCD1) gene were safe and associated with reduced disease activity.

Proton transfer plays a key role in fuel-producing reactions, but directly monitoring these processes in heterogeneous electrocatalysts is challenging. Now it has been shown that shifts in the Tafel slope in protic versus deuteric electrolytes can elucidate the rate-determining step during water splitting and reveal pH- and structure-dependent proton transfer behaviours.

Haplotype-resolved, gap-free genome assemblies for a representative Asian pear (Pyrus bretschneideri, ‘Dangshansuli’) and a European pear (Pyrus communis, ‘Max Red Bartlett’) provide insights into genome evolution and interspecies variation in Pyrus species.

Here, Li et al. develop a human liver organoid model to elucidate Dengue virus infection dynamics and identify oxyresveratrol as a potential antiviral candidate, highlighting the NRF2 pathway’s crucial role in mitigating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cellular resistance.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) usually metastasizes to the lungs. Here, the authors discover that SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA4 silencing of HLF regulates ccRCC lung metastasis by modulating the integration of collagen's mechanical cues with the actin cytoskeleton through leupaxin.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

Achieving enantioselective C(sp³)–C(sp³) bond formation using a silyl group as an auxiliary is challenging. Now a cobalt-catalysed enantioselective hydroalkylation of vinyl- and allylsilanes to construct α- or β-stereogenic organosilanes has been developed to efficiently generate the chiral carbon centres.

The mechanisms linking neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders remain unclear. The authors show a pancreas–hippocampus feedback loop whereby metabolic and circadian factors drive behavioral fluctuations, with potential relevance for bipolar disorder.

Ethanol electrosynthesis from CO reduction is achieved using an oxygen-affinity-engineered copper alloy catalyst. Unlike conventional CO dimerization pathways, which yield diverse products, this catalyst selectively promotes the CO–CH_x coupling route, enabling selective ethanol production.

Effective treatments are lacking for sepsis-related heart failure, which involves severe impairment of heart cell metabolism. Here, the authors show that blocking the protein MacroD1 preserves cellular energy production and protects against heart failure in mouse models of sepsis.

In early soil, N and P mutually enhance each other’s availability via C-mediated processes, challenging traditional views of nutrient co-limitation and offering a new framework for understanding soil nutrient cycle in nascent ecosystems.

Determining the causal variants at GWAS loci is crucial for understanding genetic disease mechanisms. Here, the authors apply MPRA to perform non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) variant-to-function mapping at scale and propose distinct genetic architectures underlying NSCLC susceptibility.

Stereoisomers can exhibit distinct chemical behaviors despite identical formulas. Here, the authors reveal how geometric isomers of electrolyte additives tailor solvation and interphasial chemistry, enhancing Zn-ion kinetics and long-term stability in aqueous zinc metal batteries.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

The use of artificial neurons for emulation of biological nervous systems are still limited by the replication of the frequency range. Here, the authors present an ion-electronic hybrid artificial neuron that utilizes the nonlinear behaviour of the ion transfer for frequency modulation.

In this work, authors use cryo-EM and live-cell BRET assays to show that GPR3 can form constitutive dimers.

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and accumulation of circulating free (cf) DNA increase with age but it is unknown whether DNA fragments cause joint inflammation. Here authors show that cf DNA levels are higher in RA patients and that in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, the exonuclease TREX1 suppresses synovial inflammation via promoting the degradation of cf DNA and inhibiting a senescence-like cellular state.

Three-component, iron-based catalytic transformations offer a promising and sustainable approach to building complex molecules in a single step. This Review highlights advances and ongoing challenges in the development of iron-catalysed difunctionalization of alkenes. Mechanistic insights that enhance our understanding and guide the development of new transformations are discussed.