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Direct visualization of moiré superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures is a needed diagnostic tool for the study of periodicity-induced electronic and optical phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate that the moiré pattern in twisted bilayer graphene can be indirectly imaged by imaging the phonon polariton interference on the top hexagonal boron nitride encapsulation layer.

The role Tibetan Plateau uplift played in Asian inland aridification remains unclear due to a paucity of accurately dated records. Here, the authors present a continuous aeolian sequence for the period >51–39 Ma, analysis of which indicates that aridification was driven by global climatic forcing rather than uplift.

Multiancestry fine-mapping of brain protein quantitative trait loci coupled with Mendelian randomization analyses identifies protein–trait pairs consistent with causal effects across neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Net-zero bioplastics are possible when combined with high recycling rates. This study presents a mixed polyester recycling process integrated with monomer separation and purification for both fossil- and bio-based plastics. Techno-economic and life cycle analyses confirm its environmental and commercial advantages, advancing the path toward circular, low-emission polyester plastics.

Gene isoforms are quantified with a machine learning method that optimally integrates long and short sequencing reads.

CBF-β is shown to regulate the ability of HIV-1 to evade host restriction mediated by the deaminase APOBEC3.

In this cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis on depression, Luo et al. identify new risk loci and potential causal variants and genes, providing insights into the genetic architecture of depression and likely therapeutic targets.

Induced proximity by molecular glues is a strategy that leverages the recruitment of proteins to facilitate their modification or degradation. Here the authors present unbiased quantitative proteomic, biochemical and computational workflows that uncover hundreds of CRBN molecular glue targets using recombinant protein and cell lysate.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The authors reveal an inherent trade-off between logarithmic average phonon frequency and the electron-phonon coupling constant in conventional BCS superconductors. The analysis suggests that achieving room-temperature conventional superconductivity at ambient pressure is extremely unlikely.

The COMPASS trial is a prospective observational study seeking to establish biomarkers in advanced pancreatic cancer through in-depth profiling prior to commencing chemotherapy. Here, the authors report the final data for the complete cohort of 268 patients enrolled in the COMPASS trial.

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been reported in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here the authors show that epithelial MAPK activity promotes myofibroblastic differentiation of CAFs. Furthermore, the epithelial basal-like subtype is associated with a CAF phenotype characterized by elevated MAPK activity and TGF-β signalling, associated with T cell exclusion in PDAC.

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis combined with multiomics data of osteoarthritis identifies 700 effector genes as well as biological processes with a convergent involvement of multiple effector genes; 10% of these genes express the target of approved drugs.

Chen at al. show that CHD1 loss in SPOP-mutated prostate tumors confers castration resistance by increasing SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis and subsequent androgen supply, an effect counteracted by combined androgen and cholesterol inhibition.

Distributed multi-omic digitization of clinical specimen across multiple sites is a prerequisite for turning molecular precision medicine into reality. Here, the authors show that coordinated proteotype data acquisition is feasible using standardized MS data acquisition and analysis strategies.

Previous work has shown that human skin is home to a rich and varied microbiota; here a metagenomic approach for samples from physiologically diverse body sites illuminates that the skin microbiota, including bacterial, fungal and viral members, is shaped by the local biogeography and yet marked by strong individuality.

Mutations of the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase ASH1L have been linked to several human diseases. Here, the authors report the mechanism by which three C-terminal domains in ASH1L regulate its enzymatic activity and interact with chromatin.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

Here, the authors show robust edge state transport in patterned nanoribbon networks produced on epigraphene—graphene that is epitaxially grown on non-polar faces of SiC wafers. The edge state forms a zero-energy, one-dimensional ballistic network with dissipationless nodes at ribbon–ribbon junctions.

The authors report an Initial Upper Palaeolithic archaeological assemblage from China dating to 45,000 years ago that includes blade technology, tanged and hafted projectile points, long-distance obsidian transfer and the use of a perforated graphite disc.

Powdery mildew disease seriously threatens wheat production by reducing grain yield and quality. Here, the authors clone the Znf-BED-bearing NLR protein encoding powdery mildew resistance gene Pm6Sl derived from wild wheat species Aegilops longissima and show its application in breeding resistance cultivars.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

A mechanical exfoliation method for producing freestanding metal oxide ultrathin flakes is reported. The flakes can be transferred and integrated with 2D materials, providing a platform to investigate the fundamental properties of ultrathin metal oxides.

Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Two high-redshift post-starburst galaxies are in the process of quenching, although their quasars remain active, indicating the complex co-evolution between black hole activity and star formation.

Skeletal muscle voltage-gated Na⁺ channel (Na_V1.4) activity is subject to calmodulin (CaM) mediated Ca^2 +-dependent inactivation while cardiac Na_V1.5 is not. Here authors use structural biology, binding and electrophysiology to parse the Ca^2 +-dependent changes of CaM when bound to the NaV1.4.

Deeper proteome coverage empowers new biological insights. Here, the authors establish a standard analysis workflow for TMT-based data acquired on the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer and leverage it for aging research, distinguishing protein dynamics of early development and adulthood in mice.

A global map of human subcellular architecture yields protein complex structures, reveals protein functions, identifies assemblies with multiple localizations or cell-type specificity and decodes paediatric cancer genomes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Cystathionine beta-synthase is a conserved essential enzyme of one-carbon metabolism. Here, the authors show that the enzyme oligomerises to form filaments that undergo conformational and morphological changes in response to its activator S-adenosyl-L-methionine, the global methyl donor.

Medical devices face stability challenges in extreme pH conditions. Here, the authors report a liquid-based encapsulation approach that achieves year-long encapsulation in acidic conditions

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

Here, the authors describe a noncoding genetic variant in GBA1 specific to people of African ancestry that increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by interfering with the splicing of mRNA, resulting in lowered protein levels and activity.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Extensive genomic analyses of the chromatin architecture in acute myeloid leukaemia reveals several characteristics, including subtype-specific distal enhancers and silencers, that may represent new anticancer therapeutic targets.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

A Phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated novel GLP-1 analog ecnoglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes. Here we show that ecnoglutide significantly reduced HbA1c from baseline up to -2.39% compared to -0.55% for placebo (P<0.0001), with a safety profile similar to approved GLP-1 analogs.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.