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Magneto-oscillations have revealed many interesting phenomena in graphene and quantum Hall systems, but they are typically measured at low currents and in equilibrium. Here, the authors report several non-equilibrium quantum effects observed in magneto-oscillations in graphene at high currents.

Evaporation plays a key role in applications such as cooling and desalination. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrated a unifying relationship between dimensionless flux and driving potential for evaporation kinetics under different working conditions.

The authors demonstrate a 70 GHz modulator in a 10-μm-long two-dimensionally localized gap-plasmon waveguide system.

Continuously trapped atoms provide advantage for atom interferometry, yet current schemes are limited by dephasing. Here, the authors develop a Floquet-engineered atom interferometry platform for quantum force sensing purposes, unveiling regimes where the interferometric phase is insensitive to noise.

Machine learning has now been shown to enable the de novo design of abiotic nuclear-targeting miniproteins. To achieve this, high-throughput experimentation was combined with a directed evolution-inspired deep-learning approach in which the molecular structures of natural and unnatural residues are represented as topological fingerprints. The designed miniproteins, called Mach proteins, are non-toxic and can efficiently deliver antisense cargo in mice.

Understanding how materials respond to impacts at extreme strain rates is crucial, yet current approaches present significant challenges. Here, the authors report the use of a mechanophore-functionalized block copolymer to encode and report energy dissipation mechanisms in response to impacts.

Supersonic turbulence is relevant to astrophysical plasmas with their study mostly limited to numerical simulations. Here the authors demonstrate supersonic turbulence in collisional high Mach number plasma jets generated in laboratory by using high power lasers.

The study reveals maps of the heliosphere’s termination shock strength. Asymmetries in the shock strength across the sky, from nose to tail and port to starboard flanks, are caused by the solar wind and interstellar medium dynamics.

Combining a low-coherence source with silicon nitride ring resonators featuring normal group velocity dispersion enables electrically pumped, high-power microcombs, providing on-chip power up to 158 mW and high-coherence comb lines with linewidths as narrow as 200 kHz.

Rydberg atoms have the potential to serve as broadband receivers but require lasers with  > 100 GHz scan ranges to observe multiple states. We bridge this major gap with an optical frequency comb for rapid preparation of over 7 Rydberg states.

A cavity-array microscope is realized using intra-cavity lenses to create a two-dimensional array of over 40 modes, each coupled to a single atom in free-space.

The study analyses data from NASA’s MMS mission to examine electromagnetic fluctuations in the electron diffusion region of Earth’s magnetotail offering insights into the link between reconnection and turbulence. It finds that electromagnetic anomalous viscosity supplies, at times, around 20% of the reconnection electric field.

Transonic buffet is a ubiquitous challenge in commercial aviation since it can result in catastrophic structural failure of the aircraft wings. Here, authors experimentally show that this critical aerodynamic phenomenon can be mitigated using a carefully designed porous trailing edge on the wing.

Kumar et al. show that large language models (LLMs) nearly match expert reliability and outperform laypeople when assessing empathic communication across multiple frameworks. The performance of both LLMs and experts depends on clear and specific evaluation criteria.

A manufacturable platform for quantum computing with photons is introduced and a set of monolithically integrated silicon-photonics-based modules is benchmarked, demonstrating dual-rail photonic qubits with performance close to thresholds required for operation.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The authors report an integrated triply-resonant superconducting electro-optic transducer combining a 107 GHz NbTiN resonator with a thin-film lithium niobate optical racetrack at telecom wavelengths. Achieving η_OE ≈ 0.82 × 10⁻⁶ and g₀/2π ≈ 0.7 kHz, this work analyzes mm-wave resonator design challenges and proposes strategies for improved quantum transduction.

The detection of the auroral footprint of Jupiter’s moon Callisto is challenging, but a shift in Jupiter’s bright main auroral oval could provide an opportunity for potential detections. Here, the authors show observation of the ultraviolet footprint of Callisto using Juno spacecraft data, benefiting from such opportunity.

The neural mechanisms underlying how the brain generates internal models of the environment is not fully understood. Here authors show that mouse perirhinal cortex is involved in forming stable stimulus-outcome associations, possibly via cholinergic signaling.

Using a reconfigurable integrated photonic platform, the authors reveal the appearance of non-Hermitian topology and the existence of edge modes emerging exclusively from optical loss modulation.

Researchers demonstrate quantum teleportation of six general states using an entangled-light-emitting diode consisting of an InAs quantum dot. The emission wavelength of quantum dots is readily tunable using electric fields. The average teleportation fidelity of 0.704±0.016 exceeds the limit possible with classical light, proving the quantum nature of the teleportation.

Neuromorphic computing processes data faster and with less energy than electronics. Here, authors demonstrate a reconfigurable photonic reservoir computer that performs multiple machine learning tasks in parallel at ultrafast rates while using extremely low energy per operation.

Candida auris can scavenge carbon dioxide from microenvironments through Nce103 to sustain fitness when colonizing human skin.

Photonic processors are limited by the bulkiness of discrete components and wiring complexity. An experiment now demonstrates a reprogrammable two-dimensional waveguide that performs neural network inference through multimode wave propagation.

The Earth’s bow shock results from the interaction of the solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field. With global numerical simulations and spacecraft observations, the transmission of fast magnetosonic waves through the bow shock is revealed.

We invited authors of selected Comments and Perspectives published in Nature Machine Intelligence in the latter half of 2019 and first half of 2020 to describe how their topic has developed, what their thoughts are about the challenges of 2020, and what they look forward to in 2021.

Researchers demonstrated integrated non-magnetic isolators with 24.5-dB contrast, –2.16-dB insertion loss and 2-THz (16-nm) optical bandwidth.

The affected cellular populations during Alzheimer’s disease progression remain understudied. Here the authors use a cohort of 84 donors, quantitative neuropathology and multimodal datasets from the BRAIN Initiative. Their pseudoprogression analysis revealed two disease phases.

Previous interference experiments on indirect excitons found dislocation-like phase singularities that could not be explained by common phase defects. Here, the authors explain these features in terms of the moiré pattern of interference of condensate matter waves propagating over macroscopic distances.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Caroline Fox and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication study for indices of renal function. Their work identifies 13 new loci associated with renal function and 7 loci associated with creatinine production and secretion.

We find that the optical emission due to ionized gas that is characteristic of a shock extends 40 kpc in diameter across the host galaxy of an odd radio circle.

Traditional 2D cell culture platforms do not accurately reflect the physiology of human tumors. Here, authors combine bioprinting and high-speed live cell interferometry with machine learning to measure drug sensitivity at single-organoid resolution in a label-free manner.

The controlled generation of extreme-ultraviolet beams with controllable topological charge has not been demonstrated. Here, Gauthieret al. report on the generation of extreme-ultraviolet optical vortices with femtosecond duration carrying a controllable amount of orbital angular momentum.