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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Chang’E-5 lunar soils show unusually fast growth of solar wind–damaged rims compared with Chang’E-6 and Apollo samples, potentially pointing to local conditions that enhance solar wind effects on the Moon.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli produces bundle-forming pili that facilitate bacterial adhesion and colonization. Here, the authors report a high-resolution structure of the BfpB-BfpG secretin channel complex, which enables pilus translocation across the outer membrane, revealing an unusual 17:17 stoichiometry and providing insights into its assembly mechanism.

Organic electrode materials offer a versatile and sustainable route for lithium-ion batteries, but their application is hindered by low working voltages and poor cycling stability. Now, it has been shown that dissolving halide electrolytes into organic electrodes effectively tunes the working voltage and enhances the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) models to replace human decision-making in medical intervention need thorough testing. Here authors present the results of a clinical trial, NCT05600855, in which daGOAT, a conditional autonomous artificial intelligence agent successfully makes the decision whether to prescribe an immune suppressive drug to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease following HLA-mismatched haematopoietic cell transplantation.

In mouse experiments and in clinical trials in humans, boosting with Omicron-specific mRNA following immunization with Wuhan-1 spike mRNA results in immune responses focused on conserved rather than variant-specific epitopes.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

The authors present a PAM-PVP hydrogel ionic thermoelectric device using KI₃/KI and K₃Fe(CN)₆/K₄Fe(CN)₆ redox couples to harvest time-domain thermal energy without external charging, reaching 4% relative Carnot efficiency from 60 °C to 10 °C.

Ancient genomes from Neolithic rice-farming populations at Baligang reveal a demographic shift around 4,200 years ago and a 5,000-year-old patrilineal social structure, providing insights into the population history of East Asia.

By using lithium thioborophosphate iodide glass-phase solid electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries, fast solid–solid sulfur redox reaction is demonstrated, leading to cells with ultrafast charging capability, superior cycling stability and high capacity.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Integrating CO₂ capture and electrochemical conversion avoids the thermal release of CO₂ and thus could potentially lower the energy needed to make useful products from CO₂, but choosing optimal system components is still challenging. Here the authors use piperazine alongside a nickel catalyst for capture and achieve high energy efficiency and stable CO production.

A study highlights a unique regulatory mechanism, involving the Zn2-Cys6 transcription factor TgZct4, that regulates responses to oxidative stress in Trichoderma guizhouense, a species that exhibits greater tolerance to oxidative stress compared to its close relatives.

Li et al. introduced tract-geometry coupling (TGC) to quantify the coupling between white matter tracts and cortical geometry in the human brain, shedding light on how the brain’s wiring and shape evolve together and its support for behavior and growth.

Cobalt-free Mn-based lithium metal batteries suffer from serious Mn dissolution and lithium dendrite problems. Here, authors propose ferrocene hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte additive to achieve dynamic doping of positive electrode and interphase stabilization of electrodes.

The authors use historical hailstorm records in China dating back to 2980 years ago and show an increase in hailstorm days after 1850 attributed to global warming and internal climate variability. Future projections indicate further increases under sustained warming.

In a small trial of patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis, treatment with allogeneic T cells with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor inserted into the T cell receptor locus and deletion of the PD-1 (PDCD1) gene were safe and associated with reduced disease activity.

Energy density and cyclability are often a trade-off for lithium-ion batteries. The authors develop cobalt- and nickel-free cathodes with both good cycling stability and high energy density through the integration of polyanion units into rocksalt structures.

Cervical cancer screening and detection can be challenging in regions with limited medical resources. Here, authors develop a low-cost compact microscope and AI-assisted system for cervical precancer screening to identify high-risk cases in these regions.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

The authors discover oldhamite (CaS) in Chang’E-6 lunar soils. Through thermodynamic calculations, the authors suggest a potentially large-scale, high-energy impact event with an S-rich asteroid or involving lunar S-rich mantle-core excavation to be responsible for the formation of oldhamite.

Post-lithium metal||S batteries show promise for practical applications, but limited understanding of cell parameters and sulfur electrocatalytic conversion hampers progress. This Perspective provides critical insights on potential research directions for designing practical post-lithium metal||S batteries.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Joint profiling of chromatin and splicing in the brain uncovers shared and distinct patterns.

The persistence of myofibroblasts after wound healing is ultimately responsible for scarring. Here, the authors show that fibromodulin enhances interleukin 1β ternary complex formation, promoting myofibroblast apoptosis and providing a potential strategy to mitigate scarring.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

A direct thermoplastic foaming method enables scalable production of superelastic, multifunctional cellular-structured monoliths from diverse two-dimensional nanomaterials.

Effective development of rechargeable lithium-based batteries requires fast-charging electrode materials. Here, the authors report entropy-increased LiMn₂O₄-based positive electrodes for fast-charging non-aqueous Li metal batteries.

Laminar membrane reactors offer green synthesis but lack clear structure–activity understanding. Here 2D HTiNbO_5-X nanosheets with oxygen vacancies are engineered, achieving near-100% esterification via sub-nanoconfined channel design.

The realization of tandem solar cells with industrially textured silicon with pyramid sizes larger than 2 μm remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors create iceberg-like pyramids to facilitate complete coverage of perovskites on substrates, achieving certified device efficiency of 33.15%.

Silencers play a critical role in gene transcription regulation. Here, the authors developed the Ss-STARR-seq technique to identify tens of thousands of silencers in human cells. These silencers possess unique epigenetic features and are capable of influencing cellular phenotypes.

A fuzzy sequencer can exceed the current limit of information efficiency of DNA sequencers for resequencing applications.

As the demand for efficient energy storage systems grows, lithium-sulfur batteries face challenges like the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish performance. Here, a high-rate quasi-solid-state sulfur positive electrode incorporating Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ enhances lithium-ion transport, achieving stable, high-capacity performance.

Zhao et al. report a smart phosphor that exhibits adaptive light-induced photoluminescence variation and dark recovery with non-destructive readout functions. It mimics synaptic behaviors in a full-photoluminescent manner, enabling an alternative way of all-optical physical reservoir computing.