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Whole-genome sequencing of human cancer cells in patient-derived mouse xenograft models indicates a key role for TP53 in determining the fitness landscape of polyclonal cancer cell populations.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

Identifying DNA sequences that adopt alternative structures within the context of genomic DNA presents a major challenge. Pyridostatin, a G-quadruplex–specific chemical probe, was shown to induce DNA damage at specific genomic sites, including the proto-oncogene SRC, leading to cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells.

Blood plasma protein data was combined with machine learning models for a simple method to determine differences in organ-specific aging; the study provides a basis for the prediction of diseases and aging effects using plasma proteomics.

The manner in which carboxylates bind to the surface of nanoparticles has been an important question in materials science. Now, multinuclear magnetic resonance experiments — alongside DFT calculations, XPS and TEM measurements — have elucidated the three-dimensional ligand structures of gold nanoparticles capped with various ratios of carboxylate-containing ligands, and enabled the determination of the most probable binding modes.

Telomere capping is essential for genomic integrity. In yeast, a capping complex containing protein Cdc13 protects telomeres from degradation and from the DNA damage repair system. Yeast telomeric repeats can form G-quadruplexes, whose potential capping role is now revealed using Cdc13-impaired strains.

The wide adoption of AI in biomedical research raises concerns about misuse risks. Trotsyuk, Waeiss et al. propose a framework that provides a starting point for researchers to consider how risks specific to their work could be mitigated, using existing ethical frameworks, regulatory measures and off-the-shelf AI solutions.

Defaunation is linked to the decline of tree species that depend on large animals for seed dispersal, but it is unclear if this affects carbon storage. Here the authors show that defaunation effects on carbon storage vary across continents, driven by relationships between seed dispersal strategies and adult tree size.

A US national experiment showed that a short, online, self-administered growth mindset intervention can increase adolescents’ grades and advanced course-taking, and identified the types of school that were poised to benefit the most.

A large proportion of basal cell carcinomas develop resistance independently of the canonical mutations in genes encoding hedgehog pathway components. An unbiased analysis investigating alternative pathways of resistance uncovers the role of cytoskeletal signaling in driving noncanonical activation of hedgehog signaling through nuclear translocation of SRF and MKL1. These results advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and provide new actionable insights for clinical translation.

Transcriptomic, proteomic and immune repertoire profiling reveals distinct peripheral features of MIS-C and pediatric COVID-19, including elevated soluble spike protein levels, more pronounced type II IFN-dependent gene expression and a higher B cell mutation rate in patients with MIS-C.

Complete vaccine-mediated immune control of highly pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis is possible if immune effector responses can intercept the infection at its earliest stages.

Activated PI3K causes cancer, but the role of active PI3K mutations in early stages of malignancy are unclear. Here, the authors show in a mouse model that active PI3K induces centrosome amplification via AKT, ROCK, CDK2/Cyclin E and nucleophosmin, and increased tolerance of genome doubling.

The five known New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses use the same entry receptor, but their viral glycoproteins are markedly different. Here, the authors isolate monoclonal antibodies from a Junin virus vaccinated person that cross-neutralize Machupo virus and identify a conserved epitope in the receptor-binding domain.

The power-conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells is increased by 26% by using energy relay dyes. The scheme aids the absorption of high-energy photons that undergo Förster resonant energy transfer to a sensitizing dye, and may offer a viable pathway for developing more efficient dye-sensitized solar cells.

Single-cell whole-genome sequencing shows that 'foreground' cell-to-cell structural variation and alterations in copy number are associated with genomic diversity and evolution in triple-negative breast and high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Nucleic acids can adopt G-quadruplex folds whose cellular roles remain poorly defined. Synthesis of new probes has now enabled the identification of human proteins that interact with G-quadruplexes. This could provide new clues to decipher the function of these curious folds.

Vps34 is a lipid kinase conserved from yeast to humans and involved in in intracellular vesicular trafficking and autophagy. Here Bilanges et al. show that inhibition of this kinase in mice improves glucose tolerance and diet-induced steatosis by modulating mitochondrial respiration and metabolism.

Characterization of a cohort of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insights into the immunopathogenic features of the disease.

Urban soils are often overlooked in climate resilience planning and policy. We advocate for a broader framing of urban soils within an equity-centred social ecological framework that acknowledges the role of soils as essential infrastructure and enhances investment to maximize their benefits towards resilient urban futures.

Prior studies have suggested that late market entrants within a drug class frequently outperform first entrants. This idea and the general relationship between entry order and quality attributes are explored by Cohen, with a focus on the implications for innovation strategies.

Takeda et al. reveal that the shortening of epithelial cells required for dorsal fold initiation in Drosophila embryos is driven by a microtubule-based mechanism involving dynein-mediated forces and Katanin-dependent remodelling.

Quantitative ChIP–seq analysis maps G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures in breast cancer patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models. G4-based subtypes highlight additional tumor heterogeneity in the integrative cluster (IC) system.

Opioid receptors are important modulators of nociceptive pain. Here the authors show that opioid receptor activation recruits peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) to the receptor-Gαi complex by c-Jun N-terminal kinase, resulting in Gαi depalmitoylation and enhanced receptor-Gαi association.

The gut microbiomes of Irish Travellers, an ethnically distinct subpopulation of Ireland, have similarity to the microbiomes of non-industrialized populations, but externally imposed lifestyle changes may alter their microbiota, with potential health sequelae.