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A clinical trial using continuous glucose monitoring found that a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet tailored for diabetes reduced hyperglycemia and improved glucose control compared to a typical American diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

Joint profiling of chromatin and splicing in the brain uncovers shared and distinct patterns.

The development of subunit vaccines mimicking the molecular complexity of attenuated vaccines has been limited by the difficulty in co-delivery of multiple chemically diverse payloads. Here, the authors report hierarchical hydrogels, assembled from a single homopolymer via a multi-stage process, that enable ratiometric loading of a protein antigen and four physicochemically distinct adjuvants.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses show that high levels of the extracellular-matrix protein osteopontin are associated with the attenuated foreign-body response elicited by breast silicone implants wrapped with acellular dermal matrix.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Exposure of mice to high fructose during gestation or early postnatal life causes decreased microglial phagocytosis during brain development and leads to anxiety-like behaviour in adolescence.

The use of alkyl halides in radical cross-couplings generally requires silicon reagents as halogen abstractors. Now Me₃N–BH₃ is reported to facilitate these couplings with both aryl bromides and aryl boronic acids under either nickel or copper catalysis.

A sprayable dynamically crosslinked supramolecular polymer–nanoparticle hydrogel that robustly adheres to tissue reduces the severity of cardiac adhesions in rats and sheep.

An expanded GWAS of birth weight and subsequent analysis using structural equation modeling and Mendelian randomization decomposes maternal and fetal genetic contributions and causal links between birth weight, blood pressure and glycemic traits.

The total synthesis of tubingensin B — an indole diterpenoid that bears a daunting chemical structure — has now been achieved. The design and evolution of this succinct total synthesis underscores the utility of long-avoided aryne intermediates for the introduction of structural motifs that have conventionally been viewed as challenging.

Data from over 700,000 individuals reveal the identity of 83 sequence variants that affect human height, implicating new candidate genes and pathways as being involved in growth.

Dynamic regulation of colonic secretory cell numbers is a critical component of the response to intestinal injury and inflammation. Here, the authors show that loss of the intracellular signalling regulator Sprouty2 in the intestinal epithelial cells is a protective response to injury that leads to increased secretory cell numbers, thus limiting colitis severity.

The genetics and clinical consequences of resting heart rate (RHR) remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors discover new genetic variants associated with RHR and find that higher genetically predicted RHR decreases risk of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke.

A study leveraging transsynaptic tracing demonstrates rapid and extensive integration of human glioblastoma organoids into the mouse brain.

Here the authors analyzed 3.7 petavoxels of 3D imaging data from 204 mouse brains, aiming to comprehensively characterize diverse morphological and modular patterns conserved across six spatial scales of mouse brain anatomy, ranging from the whole-brain scale to synaptic levels.

Adenoviral transfer of NT-3 and CNTF genes provides therapeutic benefit to mice with motor neuron disease (pages 429–436).

Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region.

Natural biomolecules such as peptides and DNA can dynamically self-organize into diverse hierarchical structures. Here the authors report experiments and simulations on the dynamic network self-assembly and subsequent collapse of the synthetic homopolymer poly(propylene sulfone).

Genetic fine-mapping and CRISPRi screens identify functional variants and their target genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease in microglia. The variant rs7922621 modulates AD risk through control of TSPAN14 expression in this cell type.

Dräger et al. establish a rapid, scalable platform for iPSC-derived microglia. CRISPRi/a screens uncover roles of disease-associated genes in phagocytosis, and regulators of disease-relevant microglial states that can be targeted pharmacologically.

A bead-based fluorescence sandwich immunoassay implemented in a custom microfluidic chip can continuously measure glucose and insulin with picomolar sensitivity and sub-second resolution.

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the most complete theoretical framework to date to complement experimental spectroscopies in chemistry. Owing to its complexity, several approximations are needed in order to be able to apply QED in practice. This Review highlights how the breakdown of some of these approximations challenges our understanding of light–matter interactions and discusses how new theoretical developments can help to overcome these approximations.

Mechanisms of cognitive resilience against Tau pathology are unknown. The authors show that inactivation of the microglial cGAS–interferon axis confers such resilience by preserving the neuronal expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2c.

Solid ammonium nitrate particles are formed in the upper troposphere during the Asian monsoons, which bring large amounts of ground ammonia to this altitude, according to integrated analyses of measurements on ammoniated aerosol, together with model simulations.

Structural, biophysical and genetic analyses reveal that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ctp1 forms a flexible tetramer with multivalent DNA-binding and bridging activities that contribute to Ctp1's role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

The insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor) is identified as a negative regulator of insulin and IGF1 signalling that could be targeted for β-cell regeneration in treatments for diabetes.

Paul Thompson and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for hippocampal, intracranial and total brain volume. They identify a locus at 12q24 associated with hippocampal volume and a locus at 12q14 associated with intracranial volume.

Here, the authors show that anxiety-related alterations of aversive learning can be understood in terms of a computational model in which anxious humans mentally represent more hidden states as causes of different levels of threats.

An integrative three-dimensional genomic and transcriptional profiling of four human neural cell types links regulatory elements to their target genes and elucidates the function of noncoding variants in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Anaerobic archaea enriched in thermophilic microbial consortia completely degrade butane by modifying mechanisms which were hitherto thought to be specific to methane metabolism.

Metal halide perovskites offer the potential for high-efficiency, low-fabrication-cost solar cells. This study now explores their prospects if deployed in concentrator photovoltaics and finds they perform well up to a concentration of 53 Suns and retain good stability under 10 Suns for over 150 h.