Search

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Short laser pulses of femtosecond time scales are in high demand in order to explore the fast electron dynamics in light-matter interactions. Here, the authors demonstrated the compression of free electron laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range by using a chirped pulse amplification technique.

Echo-enabled harmonic generation in a free-electron laser enables 45th harmonic pulses from a 264 nm wavelength seed, yielding 5.9 nm wavelength coherent output.

Microwave hyperthermia enhances cancer treatment but needs precise temperature control. Here, the authors present a method to provide real-time 3D temperature monitoring with minimal invasiveness, by matching a patient-specific library of simulations to a set of scarce and noisy measurements.

A vesicle trafficking Rab11 effector switch is important for ciliogenesis. Here, the authors report a ciliopathy-related disorder caused by variants in WDR44, a Rab11 effector. WDR44 variants show higher affinity for Rab11 and can impair ciliogenesis.

Along with a back-to-back published paper from Zielisnki and co. in this issue of Nature Immunology, this paper shows that NaCl affects CD8⁺ T cell function by counteracting the exhaustion of these cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Analysis of ancient genomic data of 51 humans from Eurasia dating from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago provides insight into the population history of pre-Neolithic Europe and support for recurring migration and population turnover in Europe during this period.

The signatures of water, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, methane, ammonia and acetylene are observed in the transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b, with abundance ratios suggesting a super-solar carbon-to-oxygen ratio.

Combination of selection scans and gene network analyses aimed at detecting genomic signatures of natural selection on multiple loci reveal insights into convergent polygenic adaptations evolved by high-altitude Andean and Himalayan human populations

Relative synchronization between free-electron laser pulses and a near-infrared field fields is achieved with 24 as resolution by using a correlation analysis of single-shot photoelectron spectra. It is applied to coherently control the photoionization process in neon atom on the attosecond timescale.

Cells exert tight control over the size of their compartments in order to regulate their function. Here, nuclear fluorescence exclusion microscopy is able to measure the nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes of live cells in a high-throughput way.

Meiotic cells deliberately break their DNA to allow chromosomes to swap genetic material. Here, authors reveal genetically separable pathways controlling the seeding and growth of chromosome-bound protein condensates responsible for DNA breaks.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Christopher Newton-Cheh and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses for QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, in 100,000 individuals. They identify 35 loci associated with QT interval and highlight a role for calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization.

Analysis using a combination of molecular and genetic epidemiological approaches reveals an interaction between female sex and the genetic variant PNPLA3 p.I148M that might explain why some women have increased susceptibility to fatty liver disease after onset of menopause.

Citrullination is a posttranslational modification of arginines. Here, the authors show that HCMV infection increases citrullination of host and virus proteins to promote infection and that citrullinated interferon-inducible protein IFIT1 is impaired in RNA binding, as a potential mechanism of evasion.

Myoglobin is a hemeprotein that reversibly binds oxygen and gives muscle its red color. Here, the authors report a genetic variant in the MB gene that associates with myoglobinopathy, an autosomal dominant progressive myopathy, and altered oxygen binding properties of the mutant protein.

Attosecond pulse trains, crucial for ultrafast science, traditionally consist of only odd harmonics due to symmetry constraints in high-order harmonic generation. Here, the authors extend the RABBIT technique to analyze non-consecutive harmonics, enabling the temporal reconstruction of attosecond pulse trains and advancing metrology in extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy.

Recent experimental evidence shows a new type of intrinsic fluorescence in biomolecules void of aromatic chemical compounds whose origin is unclear. Here, the authors use non-adiabatic AIMD simulations to show a potential carbonyl-lock mechanism originating this phenomenon.

In this Review, Cimador et al. consider the prevalence of failed paediatric hypospadias, possible risk factors for the failure of primary repairs, and principles for the management of major complications associated with failed hypospadias.

The output of a nanomachine powered by an array of myosin molecules purified from the skeletal muscle is fed to a stochastic model, which provides a self-consistent estimate of all the mechanokinetic parameters of the motor ensemble.

Antibiotic prophylaxis is a contentious treatment option for infants with nonrefluxing hydronephrosis, primary nonrefluxing megaureter and ureterocele diagnosed postnatally following antenatal detection of hydronephrosis. For each condition, prophylactic policies are variable, and UTI rates vary widely with comparable rates reported between patients followed on and off antibiotics. In this Review, the authors critically assess the available data on the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in the conservative management of patients with hydronephrosis, primary nonrefluxing megaureter and ureterocele and discuss the risk factors and time of onset of UTI.

Genetic variants in ionotropic glutamate receptors have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors report heterozygous de novo mutations in the GRIA2 gene in 28 individuals with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with reduced Ca²⁺ transport and AMPAR currents.”

A multifaceted computational strategy identifies 16 genetic variants contributing to increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection from a Whole Exome Sequencing dataset of a cohort of Italian patients.

Substantial volume and compositional changes in gas emissions from fumaroles on Vulcano island in late 2021 may reflect the degassing of fresh mafic magma, according to in situ and remote sensing measurements of gas emissions coupled with numerical modelling

Sarcomeres of Ca^2 + -activated demembranated fibres of rabbit soleus muscles show that the stress exerted by each motor protein on the thin filament determines the cooperativity in thin filament activation.