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In this study, the authors describe an imaging technology, ¹⁸F-FDS PET, for noninvasive detection, localization and monitoring of invasive mold infections, including Aspergillus, non-Aspergillus and azole-resistant molds, throughout the body.

Understanding the growth dynamics of GBMs can help expand therapeutic options. Here, authors use a cross-species computational approach to compare GBM cells to healthy neural stem cells, identifying predictors and modulators of tumour growth, including the Wnt antagonist, SFRP1, which stalls growth in preclinical xenograft models.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

A pulse of ocean acidification is reconstructed from the boron isotope composition of fossilized oysters at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, implicating ocean acidification from volcanic outgassing as a kill mechanism during the extinction event.

Task paradigms allowing studies on the core ethological function of the whiskers are lacking. Authors here present a task for freely moving mice that enables the study of how the brain processes touch and learns. The setup combines behavior, electrophysiology, and imaging, offering insights into naturalistic sensory and decision-making processes.

The authors developed a neuromorphic chip with on-chip learning and support for diverse memory devices. It bridges brain-inspired computing and emerging tech, enabling efficient, flexible testing and advancing next-gen neuromorphic architectures.

The South African archaeological record contains evidence of the early flourishing of the human mind. Ziegler et al. provide new paleoclimate reconstructions, which suggest that rapid fluctuations in global climate have played a key role in the evolution of these early human cultures.

Cytoskeletal breakdown is a hallmark of synapse elimination. Here, the authors show that a post-translational modification on microtubules encodes activity-dependent signals instructing neuronal remodeling in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

In the Tumor Profiler proof-of-concept observational study, a multiomics approach for profiling tumors from patients with melanoma was feasible, returning data within 4 weeks and informing treatment recommendations in 75% of cases.

Soft tissue tumors in infants encompass an overlapping spectrum of diseases posing unique diagnostic and clinical challenges. Here, the authors investigate the genetic basis of cryptogenic congenital mesoblastic nephroma and infantile fibrosarcoma lacking the canonical NTRK3-ETV6 fusion gene, and identify therapeutically tractable intragenic rearrangements in EGFR and BRAF.

The flexibility of corals to associate with different bacteria in different environments has not been systematically investigated. Here, the authors study bacterial community dynamics for two coral species and show that bacterial community structure responds to environmental changes in a host-specific manner.

One of the challenges posed by spin manipulation in organic semiconductors is the difficulty of measuring the spin injection from a ferromagnetic contact and the subsequent spin diffusion length. This is now elegantly achieved by a two-photon photoemission experiment.

Despite the described immunostimulatory properties of irradiation, the clinical benefit of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations has been modest so far. Here, in murine models of metastatic disease, the authors show that concomitant draining lymph node irradiation (DLN IR) abrogates the beneficial effect of combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, while adjuvant DLN IR improves regional and distant disease control.

The study identifies the L704F mutation in Arabidopsis ABCG36 as a key factor that uncouples the export of the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid from the defense compound camalexin. It highlights L704 as a crucial residue in the extracellular gate that influences substrate identity and balances growth-defense trade-offs in the Brassicaceae family.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

The effect of knots on protein stability and folding kinetics is not well understood. Here the authors combine optical tweezer experiments and calculations to experimentally determine the energy cost for knot formation, which indicates that knotted proteins evolved specific folding pathways because knot formation in unfolded chains is unfavorable.

How the brain controls pain perception remains elusive. Here, authors show that layers 5 and 6 of the somatosensory cortex suppress or enhance nociception through cell-type-specific cortical and corticothalamic interactions.

The expansion of land plants led to the development of new river and floodplain morphologies. Field studies suggest that the expansion of tree habitats in the Carboniferous period caused the development of river systems dominated by multiple channels and stable alluvial islands.

The theory of chemical bonding relies on arbitrary references. Here the authors report a fundamental study on the chemical bond showing that considering the binding fragments as objects in real space enables to eliminate inherent biases.

The molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in relapsed or refractory (rr) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the use of bulk and single cell multi-omics and ex vivo drug profiling for 21 rrAML patients reveals mechanisms of resistance to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax and treatment vulnerabilities.

Laser-driven proton acceleration experiments achieve energies of up to 150 MeV with particle yields that are relevant for applications such as radiobiology.

Morphological changes in kidney glomerular ultrastructure and altered compression of the glomerular basement membrane are shown to correlate with albuminuria.

In this work, the authors study protein families’ VAE latent manifolds and coevolutionary Hamiltonians. These Latent Generative Landscapes predict phylogenetic groupings, fitness & functional properties for several systems with clear protein engineering/design potential.

Tropical aboveground biomass carbon is a crucial, yet complex, component of the terrestrial C budget. Here remote observations demonstrate that fire emissions and post-fire recovery in non-forested African biomes dominate the interannual variability of aboveground biomass carbon, which acts as a moderate net C sink.

Acyltransferase activity of the enzyme bile salt hydrolase is identified and shown to mediate microbial bile acid conjugation, diversifying the bile acid pool and expanding their role in gut physiology.

In this paper and the related paper from Lugli and colleagues the authors show that high levels of NaCl inside the tumor have a beneficial effect on CD8⁺ T cells and their ability to control tumor growth as a result of enhanced T cell receptor activity.

The adipokine leptin modulates intestinal inflammation in mice. Here the authors describe a patient with inflammatory bowel disease and lipodystrophy, providing evidence that leptin aggravates intestinal inflammation with proinflammatory effects on leukocytes that are reversible by TNFα blockade.

Hou et al. propose, based on dinocysts, clumped isotopes and ice sheet modelling, that during Miocene cooling, the Antarctic ice sheet progressively lowered in height while expanding seawards, to maintain a relatively stable volume.

Artificial DNA membrane channels are promising molecular devices for biotechnology but suffer from low affinity for lipid bilayers. Here, the authors report a large DNA nanopore that spontaneously inserts into a flat lipid membrane, driven by engineered hydrophobic or streptavidin-biotin interactions.

The involvement of cAMP-dependent regulation of HCN4 in the chronotropic heart rate response is a matter of debate. Here the authors use a knockin mouse model expressing cAMP-insensitive HCN4 channels to discover an inhibitory nonfiring cell pool in the sinoatrial node and a tonic and mutual interaction between firing and nonfiring pacemaker cells that is controlled by cAMP-dependent regulation of HCN4, with implications in chronotropic heart rate responses.

Contacts between mitochondria and endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), and the transfer of calcium between them, have an important role in the regulation of cellular phenotypes, including senescence. Here the authors show that ITPR2 deficient mice display improved aging, associated with a decreased number of contacts between the mitochondria and the ER.

In the high latitudes, abrupt cooling events are thought to control mainly the winter temperatures, thereby increasing seasonality. Sea surface temperature reconstructions from the Gulf of Mexico suggest that over the past 300,000 years these events also enhanced seasonality in tropical regions.