There is accumulating evidence that the genetic code is not fixed but instead varies across organisms and that decoding is influenced by genomic and physiological contexts. This Review describes the various types of non-standard decoding, including altered codon meanings and ribosomal frameshifting, and highlights their pervasiveness, classification and biological implications.
- Pavel V. Baranov
- John F. Atkins
- Martina M. Yordanova
