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Here, the authors show that Brown-Zak fermions in graphene-on-boron-nitride superlattices exhibit mobilities above 10⁶ cm²/V s and micrometer scale ballistic transport.

Phosphorus locked in ancient marine carbonates shows that ocean phosphorus rose and fell with atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event, Earth’s first major oxygenation. Models suggest brief nutrient pulses could have accelerated oxygen production

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

A new version of nanorate DNA sequencing, with an error rate lower than five errors per billion base pairs and compatible with whole-exome and targeted capture, enables epidemiological-scale studies of somatic mutation and selection and the generation of high-resolution selection maps across coding and non-coding sites for many genes.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Korobkina et al. show that ACLY in brown fat prevents metabolic overload in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thus ensuring adequate thermogenesis by avoiding cellular stress.

A transition from carbon sink to source for the aboveground woody biomass of moist tropical Australian forests has occurred, driven by increasingly extreme climate anomalies.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

A mass spectrometry-based approach globally identifies protein regulators of metabolism and reveals the role of LRRC58 in controlling cysteine catabolism.

Monitoring T cell metabolism during chimeric antigen receptor T manufacturing using optical metabolic imaging enables fine-tuning of manufacturing conditions to increase T cell yield and fitness.

Suchacki et al. show that serotonin suppresses human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation, and that inhibition of the serotonin transporter (SERT) potentiates the suppressive action of extracellular serotonin on BAT by preventing serotonin uptake.

Naked mole-rats are hypoxia-tolerant mammals, and during hypoxia their body temperature decreases via unknown mechanisms. Here the authors report that the hypoxia-induced body temperature decrease in naked mole rats occurs through decreased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via decreases in a key thermogenic mitochondrial protein: UCP1.

The identification of cellular targets for natural products that potently inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines implicates oxysterol-binding proteins in the growth of cancer cells. These natural products, termed ORPphilins, also affect sphingomyelin biosynthesis.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Precise separation of ions with similar valence and size is critical. Here, authors designed a selective membrane that precisely extract Li+ from Na+ and Ca²⁺ interferences. The high selectivity and permeability enable energy-efficient, precise, and chemical-free lithium extraction using the electrodialysis process.

The discovery of 2023 KQ₁₄, a Sedna-like object with a perihelion of 66 au, fills a gap in the known population. Its orbit does not align with other Sedna-like objects, shedding light on the diversity and dynamical history of the outer Solar System.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

HTLV-1 type-C causes more severe disease than type-A, but the underlying reason is unclear. Here the authors show in a macaque model how type-C orf-I affects lung pathogenesis and the immune response to HTLV-1, providing a model to test viral targets for disease prevention.

Sugimoto et al. show that maresin 2, a specialized pro-resolving mediator that is secreted from brown adipose tissue upon cold exposure, contributes to amelioration of obesity-induced inflammation.

Authors measure plasma proteins in a cohort of hospitalised patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected infection, revealing six discrete host response clusters that were driven by pathogen exposure and organ dysfunction, and had distinct clinical characteristics, hospital courses, and responses to treatment.

Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays a central role in energy dissipation in brown adipose tissue. Here the authors show that FGF6 and FGF9 induce UCP1 expression in adipocytes and preadipocytes, via modulation of a transcriptional network that is dissociated from brown adipogenesis.

Nrf1-mediated proteosome activity in brown fat is required for the normal thermogenic behavior of this tissue in mice.

Distal gene regulation is increasingly recognised as a major contributor to complex trait variability. Here, the authors show that a heritable, biologically interpretable transcriptome signature driven by distal regulation predicts metabolic traits across mice and humans.

Previous research shows surprising rewards drive learning. Here, the authors show that affective error signals (emotional surprise) independently promote learning, and are associated with neural signals separable from reward error signals.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

This study shows that epigenetic gene body DNA methylation regulates transcription and accounts for much of its variance in the Arabidopsis population, efficiently identifies genes regulating diverse traits and may facilitate local adaptation.

A microinterfacial solvothermal polymerization strategy is developed for irreversible coupling reactions to form porous crystalline sp-carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks with diverse topologies. These two-dimensional frameworks exhibit enhanced conductivity and tunable magnetic properties.

Human brown and white preadipocyte clones from neck fat depots have been isolated and used to identify genetic biomarkers that predict their thermogenic capacity.

This study shows how pressure induces local disorder and partial amorphization in CsPbBr₃, using total X-ray scattering and big-box modeling to reveal reversible structural changes at the atomic scale.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of spondyloarthritis — including axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis — worldwide, as well as the epidemiology of genetic factors implicated in these diseases.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Body size and composition are complex traits that are challenging to characterize due to environmental and genetic influences. Here, Arehart et al. disentangle shared and distinct genetic signals underlying body size and composition.

Individuals with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) suffer from lifethreatening responses to heat. Here the authors demonstrate that adaptive thermogenesis from brown adipose tissue contributes to this heat sensitivity in a preclinical mouse model of MHS

An understanding of the molecular mechanisms promoting the generation of immunoregulatory and tumour-promoting monocytes and macrophages is key to breaking the cycle of tumour myelopoiesis and developing more effective myeloid-targeting therapies.

The Neolithic Revolution marked an important shift from foraging to farming in human society. Here, the authors show that in Europe the spread of farming involved mostly within-group mating and limited cultural transmission.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Meltwater ponding reduces Greenland Ice Sheet albedo, but this process is not included in models. This study uses drone imagery to show that small streams and ponds, often missed by satellites, considerably increase the energy available for melt.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Whole-ecosystem manipulations of Caribbean islands occupied by brown anoles, involving the addition of competitors (green anoles) and/or top predators (curly-tailed lizards), demonstrate that predator introductions can alter the ecological niches and destabilize the coexistence of competing prey species.

A 2.5-billion-year record of oxygen isotopes in sedimentary sulfate reveals the transitional oxygenation of the Earth’s surface and provides constraints on the dynamic, lengthy co-oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.

Sequencing analysis of tamoxifen-associated uterine cancers and further in vivo analyses suggest that the drug tamoxifen can activate the PI3K pathway in the absence of oncogenic mutations.

Shamsi et al. identify vascular smooth muscle cells marked by expression of Trpv1 as a part of the cellular lineage of brown and beige fat. Cold stimulates the expansion and differentiation of Trpv1-expressing progenitors to highly thermogenic adipocytes.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is required to activate brown adipose tissue enhancers to ensure thermogenic aptitude.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Viral vector integration can affect the safety of gene and cell therapies. Here, authors introduce MELISSA, a regression-based statistical tool that quantifies integration site risks and clone growth effects, aiding the safety evaluation of therapies in both research and clinical settings.