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Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

The authors suggest that a probable Keplerian disk is feeding an optically revealed massive young stellar object in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

While learning a typing task, epilepsy patients show higher hippocampal ripple rates during brief rest breaks than while typing. These ‘offline’ ripples predict gains in speed, suggesting that ripples contribute to motor learning during wakeful rest.

Observations of a highly collimated, parsec-scale jet emitted from a massive young stellar object in the Large Magellanic Cloud indicate that jet launching and collimation are independent of stellar mass.

Controlling the movement of floating objects at small scales is essential for microfluidics, but traditional methods are limited by fluid and object properties. By shaping liquid interfaces with 3D-printed spines, the study enables programmable manipulation of floating particles for applications like sorting and cleaning.

Bohn et al. present and test a model to explain how children combine information during word learning. They conclude that children become more sensitive to individual information sources with age, but the way they integrate information remains stable.

Cancer and aging are associated with each other, but underlying mechanisms contributing to this correlation are unclear. Here the authors identify a dysfunctional T cell state that is distinct from typical T cell exhaustion and only occurs in the tumor microenvironment during later life.

Gravitationally magnified images of a faint galaxy from only 500 million years after the Big Bang suggest that galaxies of that age may be the dominant source of the radiation responsible for the re-ionization of the intergalactic medium.

Arterial thrombosis is a leading cause of death and disability with no clinical bioassay for prediction. Here, the authors develop an assay that monitors the multi-dimensional attributes of thrombi forming in its physiologically mimicking rheological condition to predict arterial thrombotic risks

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Alarmone synthesis depletes GTP levels leading to a GTP-dependent switch that controls triggered, spontaneous and antibiotic-induced persister formation in Bacillus subtilis.

Observations of a 3-million-year-old pre-main-sequence star with a misaligned disk reveal a giant orbiting planet; the system is ideal for studying the early formation and migration of planets.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The global incidence of thyroid cancer rose sharply after the 1980s despite stable mortality rates. Chen and Haymart outline known and emerging risk factors for thyroid cancer and discuss strategies to address the public-health issues of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Using a cohort of nearly 1,000 genetically diverse mice undergoing dietary restriction over the lifespan, the authors reveal numerous insights into the interactions between the gut microbiome, host genome, diet, health and longevity.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Decreased brain coenzyme Q₁₀ levels cause encephalopathy and are associated with neurodegeneration; supplementation with 4-HMA or 4-HB restores coenzyme Q₁₀ synthesis in mice and humans with HPDL variants, improving survival and neurological symptoms in HPDL-driven mitochondrial encephalopathy.

By splicing animals together, scientists have shown that young blood rejuvenates old tissues. Now, they are testing whether it works for humans.

Precision functional mapping shows that the frontostriatal salience network occupies nearly twice as much of the cortex in people with depression, and this was unaffected by mood changes and detected in children before onset of symptoms.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Transfer of senescent cells into naive, young mice can induce physical dysfunction, and a senolytic can reverse this dysfunction and potently increase lifespan in aged mice.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is milder in children, but direct comparison with adults is rare. Here the authors show that immune responses are higher in children, retained for 12 months or longer and can neutralize Alpha, Beta and Delta variants.

Increased maternal age is known to increase the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring; here, this link is investigated by transplanting ovaries between young and old mice, revealing that the maternal-age-associated risk is independent of the age of the ovaries but depends on the age of the mother, and that this risk can be mitigated by maternal genetic background or exercise.

Genome-wide association analysis of gout and urate identifies 148 new loci, implicating biological pathways and prioritizing candidate genes involved in inflammatory processes.

Nasally delivered live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have been shown to be effective in vaccine trials yet immune responses are mostly measured in blood. Here the authors report a clinical trial in young adults and measure immune responses in the mucosa and blood to identify compartmentalised responses.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Comparing norovirus infection in neonate and adult mice suggests age-dependent differences in passive viral uptake, cellular tropism, interferon regulation and viral dissemination.

Silicon-vacancy centres in diamond are promising candidates as emitters in photonic quantum networks, but their coherence is degraded by large electron-phonon interactions. Sohn et al. demonstrate the use of strain to tune a silicon vacancy’s electronic structure and suppress phonon-mediated decoherence.

A metabolically bioactivated selective imidazothiazole nematicide shows comparable effectiveness at controlling plant root infection by Meloidogyne incognita to commercial nematicides, which are traditionally nonselective and toxic.

Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimophos resulted in an elliptical ejecta plume. Here, the authors show that this elliptical ejecta is due to the curvature of the asteroid and makes kinetic momentum transfer less efficient.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Here, the authors present multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analyses of uterine fibroids, identifying 11 new gene associations, and demonstrating that heritability is higher in African ancestries.

Haematopoiesis has high clonal diversity up to about 65 years of age, after which diversity drops precipitously owing to positive selection acting on a handful of clones that expand exponentially throughout adulthood.

To understand the potential for seaweed as a Blue Carbon strategy, the authors quantify carbon burial under 20 globally distributed seaweed farms. They attribute an average of 1.06 ± 0.74 tCO₂e ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to seaweed farms, and show increased accumulation of carbon with farm age.

The authors find that mice fed a diet with reduced levels of branched-chain amino acids have improved metabolic health, and in males but not females, lifelong feeding of such a diet reduces frailty and extends life span.

The response to infectious and inflammatory challenges differs among people but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Here the authors explore the impact of variables such as age, sex, and the capacity for controlling inflammation and maintaining immunocompetence, linking this capacity to favourable health outcomes and lifespan.

Roy et al. quantify the impact of a high-fat diet across genetically diverse strains of mice, revealing a generally negative effect on lifespan but also a wide variability.

Plant-parasitic nematodes have the potential to destroy crops globally, and limited options for managing nematode infestation are available. Here, the authors report the 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether scaffold called Cyprocide that selectively kills nematodes including diverse species of plant-parasitic nematodes.