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Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Chemically inducible protein dimerization serves as a useful tool to investigate biological systems and construct synthetic circuits. Optimization of a protein-protein interaction dependent on the plant hormone gibberellin yields a portable dimerization system that can be combined with rapamycin to assemble logic gates.

Guided by a structure of VGLUT2 with substrate, Li et al. identify the mechanisms for selective substrate recognition, a role for lipid modification in limiting axonal dispersion and for the cytoplasmic gate in allosteric regulation by lumenal H⁺.

A trapped-ion quantum processor is used to create ground-states and excitations of non-Abelian topological order on a kagome lattice of 27 qubits with high fidelity.

Quantum neural networks could help analysing the output of quantum computers and quantum simulators of growing complexity. Here, the authors use a 7-qubit superconducting quantum processor to show how a quantum convolutional neural network can correctly recognise the phase of a quantum many-body state.

Sequencing analyses of human prefrontal cortex from donors ranging in age from 0.4 to 104 years show that ageing correlates with an accumulation of somatic mutations in short housekeeping genes and a reduction in the expression of these genes.

Using historical aerial photographs and new bed topography data, accelerating changes on Kennicott and Root Glaciers, Alaska since 1938 are documented. These observations inform projections showing 38–63% mass loss by 2100, depending on future climate.

Previous demonstrations of spin state transfer in quantum dot chains relied on physical motion of electrons or sequences of SWAP operations. Here, the authors implement an alternative method based on adiabatic evolution, offering advantages in terms of implementation and robustness to noise and errors.

Coherent noise affecting a random error correcting code is now shown to produce a transition between phases that accumulate and destroy magic.

Electron spins in semiconductors form a potential basis for quantum information technology however they are strongly affected by interactions with nuclear spins. Here, the authors show how quadrupolar interactions, although suppressing nuclear dynamics, can result in an anisotropic enhancement of electronic decoherence.

Physical realizations of qubits are often vulnerable to leakage errors, where the system ends up outside the basis used to store quantum information. A leakage removal protocol can suppress the impact of leakage on quantum error-correcting codes.

Paramagnetic heterometallic rings have long been considered as possible qubits within a quantum information processing system. Here, the authors employ supramolecular chemistry to fabricate multiple rings around multi-armed threads, as an important step towards generating useful qubit arrays.

Qudits are generalizations of qubits that have more than two states, which gives them a performance advantage in some quantum algorithms. The operations needed for a universal qudit processor have now been demonstrated using trapped ions.

High-performance all-electrical control is a prerequisite for scalable silicon quantum computing. The switchable interaction between spins and orbital motion of electrons in silicon quantum dots now enables the electrical control of a spin qubit with high fidelity and speed, without the need for integrating a micromagnet.

Controllable two-qubit interactions are necessary to build a functional quantum computer. Here the authors demonstrate fast, coherent swapping of two spin states mediated by a long, multi-electron quantum dot that could act as a tunable coupler mediating interactions between multiple qubits.

Initialization and operation of spin qubits in silicon above 1 K reach fidelities sufficient for fault-tolerant operations at these temperatures.

Random sequences of unitary gate operations on an exchange-only qubit encoded in three physical electron qubits are performed using only voltage pulses and exhibit an average total error of 0.35%, where half of the error originates from leakage out of the computational subspace caused by interactions with substrate nuclear spins.

Hematopoiesis influences the progression of cardiovascular disease, yet the influence of cardiovascular disease on the bone vasculature is unknown. Hoffmann, Luxán, Abplanalp et al. describe the response of the bone cell composition to myocardial infarction and provide a rationale for using anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent the deterioration of the bone vascular niche

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe between 12000 and 500 bc reveals that the region acted as a genetic crossroads before and after the arrival of farming.

A Kitaev chain formed by two quantum dots coupled via a superconductor support the so-called poor man’s Majorana bound states. Here, the authors form a minimal Kitaev chain using Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and show that the resulting bound states are more robust than in the case of unproximitized quantum dots.

A fluorescence-activated cell sorter is used to purify microparticles from colloidal mixtures.

A three-site Kitaev chain, constructed from three semiconducting quantum dots coupled by superconducting segments in a hybrid InSb/Al nanowire, shows enhanced robustness of edge zero-energy modes against variations in the coupling strengths or electrochemical potentials compared with a chain containing only two quantum dots.

Singlet fission is an efficient way to generate excitons but is rarely responsive to external stimuli. Here the authors design a linked tetracene dimer where acid/base interactions can control singlet fission to enable a molecular IMPLICATION logic gate.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

Determining how replication forks move across the human genome is critical for the effective use of agents that target replication stress. Here, the authors present DNAscent, an AI supported assay for DNA replication stress in human cells using Nanopore sequencing data.

Feuerer and colleagues use multiomic analyses to identify DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and gene expression programs that govern the tissue adaptation of human skin T_reg cells.

Immune disease-associated biomarker values are commonly more variable in affected compared to unaffected patient populations, which limits a biomarker’s informative range. Here, the authors formalise a computational solution that splits datasets into informative and uninformative subsets to improve biomarker discovery and performance of multivariate predictive models.

A patient with newly diagnosed glioblastoma was safely treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab, relatlimab and ipilimumab before maximal resection, with comprehensive immune profiling showing the induction of overall immune activation early during treatment. The patient had no definitive evidence of recurrence at 17 months after treatment.

Nonlinear light-matter coupling has applications in quantum technologies, for instance in quantum-non-demolition measurements, but its strength is typically limited. Here the authors demonstrate near-ultrastrong nonlinear light-matter coupling in a superconducting circuit with two transmons and a quarton coupler.

When independent layers of electrons and holes are in close proximity to each other, their Coulomb interaction allows them to pair into neutral bosons and form an insulating state. This phenomenon is reported in a heterostructure of 2D materials.

Controllable detection of singlet and triplet Cooper pair splitting via crossed Andreev reflection is demonstrated in spin-polarized quantum dots on a superconducting nanowire platform with strong spin–orbit coupling.

The dynamical axion quasiparticle, which is directly analogous to the hypothetical fundamental axion particle, is observed in two-dimensional MnBi₂Te₄, and has implications for quantum chromodynamics, cosmology and string theory.

A scheme to prepare a magic state, an important ingredient for quantum computers, on a superconducting qubit array using error correction is proposed that produces better magic states than those that can be prepared using the individual qubits of the device.

Long-lived entanglement is a key resource for quantum metrology with optical clocks. Rydberg-based entangling gates within arrays of neutral atoms enable the generation of clock-transition Bell states with high fidelity and long coherence times.

Graphene nanoribbons show promise for high-performance field-effect transistors, however they often suffer from short lengths and wide band gaps. Here, the authors use a bottom-up synthesis approach to fabricate 9- and 13-atom wide ribbons, enabling short-channel transistors with 10⁵ on-off current ratio.

Here, the authors introduce carbon-to-carbon metal migration as a platform for dynamic association and show how such migrations, in combination with the incorporation of a simple hydrocarbon, can be harnessed to achieve autonomous directional translational motion of a metal centre along the length of a polyaromatic thread.

Spatial relationships between clustered proteins within synapses shape neurotransmission. Here, NMDA receptors are shown to align with only a subset of presynaptic release sites, suggesting a structural mechanism controls NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission.

Dynamic control of components is required for large-scale quantum photonic networks. Here, Kapfingeret al. show dynamic control of the interaction between two coupled photonic crystal nanocavities forming a photonic molecule. Tuning is achieved by using an electrically generated radio frequency surface acoustic wave.

Our annual survey highlights startups tackling intractable viruses with new vaccine design, engineering a reliable source of platelets, universalizing cell therapies, improving cancer screening, developing RNA-editing platforms and targeting protein–RNA interactions. Michael Eisenstein, Ken Garber, Caroline Seydel and Laura DeFrancesco report.

Many different homogeneous metrics on Lie groups, which may have markedly different short-distance properties, are shown to exhibit nearly identical distance functions at long distances, suggesting a large universality class of definitions of quantum complexity.

Information transfer between distant qubits suffers from spurious interactions and disorder. Here, the authors report up to an order of magnitude enhancement in the quality factor of a swap operation of eigenstates in a quantum dot chain, by using a periodic driving protocol inspired by discrete time crystals.

An efficient method for parallelizing the contraction of tensor networks pushes the boundaries for the classical simulation of quantum computation, and aids the development of quantum algorithms and hardware.

A pangenome of the Cannabis genus including 193 genomes demonstrates high variability in most of the genome but low diversity in cannabinoid synthesis genes and provides a resource for future genetic studies and crop optimization.

Understanding the complex relationships between enzyme sequence, folding stability and catalytic activity is essential for applications, but current technologies cannot simultaneously resolve both stability and activity phenotypes and couple these to gene sequences at large scale. Here, the authors report Enzyme Proximity Sequencing (EP-Seq), a deep mutational scanning method to assay both expression level and catalytic activity of thousands of oxidoreductase variants from a cellular pool in a single experiment.

Understanding the microscopic variability of CMOS spin qubits is crucial for developing scalable quantum processors. Here the authors report a combined experimental and numerical study of the effect of interface roughness on variability of quantum dot spin qubits formed at the Si/SiO₂ interface.

In this immunological ancillary study of the PREVAC trial, the authors show that approved Ebola virus vaccines induce memory T-cell responses that persist during the five year follow-up after initial vaccination.

The barren plateau problem represents one of the major bottlenecks for parametrized quantum circuits algorithms. Here, the authors study the known sources of BP using the lens of Lie algebraic theory, finding an expression of the variance of the loss function depending on the dynamical Lie algebra of the circuit.