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Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Richter syndrome (RS) is the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) into aggressive lymphoma, in most cases diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, the authors characterize the DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles of RS samples, find a clonally-related CLL epigenetic imprint, and develop classifiers for “RS-type” de novo DLBCLs.

The authors identify naturally occurring senescent glia in aged Drosophila brains and decipher their origin and influence, determining that they can appear in response to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and that they promote lipid accumulation, indicating that these cells link key ageing phenomena.

Two BCMA-targeted CAR T products, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), have been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Here the authors report distinct expansion, phenotype, function, and toxicity of cilta-cel vs. ide-cel CAR T cells in a realworld cohort of patients with MM.

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal molecular events defining Richter transformation from CLL, and highlight the potential of cell-free DNA for early detection.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Mitochondria are maternally inherited, but the mechanisms underlying paternal mitochondrial elimination remain unclear. Here, the authors show that Drosophila eggs rapidly degrade paternal mitochondria after fertilization by triggering an innate immunity pathway commonly employed against invading microbes.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

This study presents the first annual update of the indicator framework developed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, published in Nature Food in 2023. Almost half of all indicators show some desirable trends. Governance and resilience indicators were revealed as the most connected across themes, constituting entry points for transformative change.

Edge-localized plasma modes in a tokamak can damage its innermost wall. Simulations now show that fast ions can modify the spatio-temporal structure of these modes. These effects need to be considered in the optimization of control techniques.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Plasma turbulence is the main driver to deteriorate the performance of fusion power plants. This work presents an unprecedented comparison of plasma turbulence between experiment and simulation, proving that the gyrokinetic model GENE reached a high level of maturity to predict core turbulence.

Loss of RNF20 is associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes. Here the authors show that Rnf20 haploinsufficiency leads to the formation of lung tumours due to defective DNA repair and HIF1α-mediated metabolic rewiring.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

The brain is vulnerable to stress and disease, with much work focused on defining mechanisms that impact the brain’s resilience. Here the author’s reveal in Drosophila that m⁶A epitranscriptomic modification of RNA dampens the brain’s capacity to mitigate stress by regulating RNA stability and translation.

The chromosomal kinase JIL-1 is responsible for interphase histone H3S10 phosphorylation and has been proposed to protect active chromatin from heterochromatinisation. Here, the authors show that JIL-1 is stabilized and anchored to active genes and telomeric transposons by JASPer, which binds to H3K36me3 nucleosomes via its PWWP domain.

This study finds that sST2 is a disease-causing factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Higher sST2 levels impair microglial Aβ clearance in APOE4⁺ female individuals. A genetic variant, rs1921622, is associated with a reduction in sST2 level and protects against AD in APOE4⁺ female individuals.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

The suppression of edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas is crucial to prevent them from damaging the walls of the chamber. Now experiments confirm the role that magnetic islands play in suppressing these detrimental modes.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Very little is known about biological sex differences in influenza disease outcome. In 2013, avian influenza (H7N9) infections in humans have been reported with higher frequency in men than women. Here, Bai et al. report that low testosterone levels in men correlate with poor infection outcome. They confirm the causal link between viral infection and testosterone depletion using a mouse model.

Systematic characterization of longitudinal tau variability in human Alzheimer’s disease using an unbiased subtyping algorithm reveals four trajectories of tau deposition with distinct clinical features.

In this largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsies to date, the Epi25 Collaborative identified extremely rare variants that confer risk for diverse epilepsy subtypes, highlighting roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.

Several studies show that APOE-ε4 coding variants are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Here, Zhou et al. perform fine-mapping of the APOE region and find AD risk haplotypes with non-coding variants in the PVRL2 and APOC1 regions that are associated with relevant endophenotypes.

In this study the authors identify a possible link between the gene FAM222A and brain atrophy. The protein it encodes is found to accumulate in plaques seen in Alzheimer’s disease, and functional analysis suggests it interacts with amyloid-beta.

Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with increased structural brain aging. Here the authors describe a model that predicts brain aging from resting state functional connectivity data, and demonstrate this is accelerated in individuals with pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease.

The interplay between amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease is still not well understood. Here, the authors show that amyloid-related increased in soluble p-tau is related to subsequent accumulation of tau aggregates and cognitive decline in early stage of the disease.

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) tau and neurodegeneration have complex regional relationships. Here, the authors show neuronal hypometabolism discordant with tau burden defines functional resilience or susceptibility to Alzheimer’s pathology via limbic/cortical axes. Susceptible groups have faster cognitive decline and evidence of non-Alzheimer’s pathologies.

Micropillar patterns causing changes in the nuclear and cellular morphologies of human mesenchymal stromal cells influence the conformation of the cells’ chromatin and their osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in mice.

The KL-VS haplotype of the Klotho gene has been associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Here the authors show an association between the KL-VS haplotype and amyloid-dependent tau accumulation using PET data.

Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis in 26,699 people with seizures and 492,324 controls to identify 25 genome-wide significant copy-number variants. The discovered loci point to known disease genes and associations with clinical annotations.