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Military personnel face increased exposure to pandemic-related stressors, yet their mental health impacts remain underexplored. Here, the authors analyze data from the STARRS Longitudinal Study, revealing significant increases in mental health issues among soldiers during COVID-19, particularly among vulnerable groups, underscoring the need for targeted support during pandemics.

Bennu comprises components of intra- and extra-Solar System origins. The parent bodies of Bennu, Ryugu and CI chondrites likely formed from a shared but heterogeneous reservoir in the outer parts of the solar protoplanetary disk.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys provide estimates of the extent of prior infection in a population. In this nationally representative survey from Mexico, the authors estimate seroprevalence after the first epidemic wave at ~25%, with variation by region, age, socioeconomic status, and education level.

The Zika viral protease NS2B-NS3 is a crucial target for antiviral drug development due to its role in processing viral polyproteins. Here, the authors utilize crystallographic fragment screening and deep mutational scanning to identify binding sites for resistance-resilient inhibitors.

Here, the authors show that pharmacological and genetic mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism reduces intestinal fibrosis in mice and that NGAL is involved in mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated intestinal fibrogenesis.

Clonalscope is a method for cancer subclone detection leveraging copy number profiles estimated using spatial and single-cell sequencing data.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

The authors reveal that even within a few-nanometre thin films, ultrafast all-optical magnetisation switching is spatially inhomogeneous along the depth and driven by the picosecond propagation of a transient domain boundary.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Combined sulfur and neodymium isotopes suggest that volatile cycling at subduction zones began 3.8 Gyr ago or earlier, according to a study of Eoarchaean mantle-derived rocks with arc-lava characteristics.

The complex collisional history of shocked L chondrites is reconstructed by combining high-pressure mineralogy, geochemistry, geochronology and orbital data. The results show that those meteorites arrive on Earth from over three distinct asteroid families.

Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

Previous research shows surprising rewards drive learning. Here, the authors show that affective error signals (emotional surprise) independently promote learning, and are associated with neural signals separable from reward error signals.

To stop bleeding from an injured vessel, platelets adhere and form a clot despite high shear stress from the flow. Here, the authors show that platelet actin disassembly is a key step that enables a receptor to translocate to membrane lipid rafts, enhancing its adhesive function under shear stress.

Face selectivity in the human brain has mainly been assessed with neuroimaging methods. Here, the authors perform single-neuron recordings in the human midfusiform gyrus, finding a higher number of neurons responding to faces than to places.

In this Consensus Statement, a consortium of microbiome scientists discuss current sequencing data sharing policies and propose the use of a Data Reuse Information (DRI) tag to promote equitable and collaborative data sharing.

The ferroelectric material α-GeTe(111) is an excellent playground for spin-to charge conversion due to its strong Rashba coupling. Here, the authors reveal an ultrafast modulation of its Rashba coupling on the femtosecond timescale.

Analysis of a multicenter cohort of kidney transplants shows that mismatches in the MICA locus and the presence of anti-MICA donor-specific antibodies are associated with reduced graft survival and increased rejection.

This Perspective article discusses the stratification of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the context of current guidelines, biomarkers and emerging and future developments of targeted treatment. The authors aim to highlight how these novel developments can enhance the stratification of patients with knee OA to improve patient outcomes.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Hydrated mantle rocks store a significant amount of organic and inorganic carbon, impacting the geological cycle. During subduction the carbonate return to the upper plate while organic carbon remains trapped to be recycled in the deep earth.

The anisotropy of acoustic velocity changes is investigated and modelled during damage and recovery sequences in sandstone. The results highlight the role of sliding and aging of oblique grain-to-grain contacts in temporal changes of elastic properties, a phenomenon known as slow dynamics.

The spin-dependent thermal and electrical transport properties of nanostructures are central for future applications of spintronic devices. Here, Linet al. report an enhanced spin-dependent thermoelectric effect in an Al₂O₃-based magnetic tunnel junction.

Akinyemiju et al. develop and validate a theory-driven, empirical measure of cultural racism and identify its associations with public health disparities in the USA, including a positive association with mortality and a negative association with life expectancy.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

Graft-versus-leukemia reactions are required for the eradication of myeloid malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, treatment efficacy is variable, depending on the immunological response. Here the authors show that dysfunction of HLA heterogeneity is associated with post-transplant leukemia relapse.

Physiologically relevant omega-positions of double bonds in fatty acyls in complex lipids can now only be identified with specialized instrumentation. Here, the authors present a computational approach to derive this essential information from elution times in routine mass spectrometry experiments.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Brain tissue mechanics influence development and disease. Here, the authors show that LIS1 mutations increase stiffness in human brain organoids due to ECM alterations and that targeted ECM modulation restores mechanical properties.

People use knowledge of social network structure—that is, popularity and distance—to strategically spread gossip. To achieve this, they draw on internal models that capture the cascading dynamics of information flow across ties in a network.

CellSpectra identifies functionally relevant changes in cellular pathways when analyzing single samples in comparison to a reference atlas, here applied to rodent models and patient samples of kidney disease.

A thermodynamic cycle is proposed that limits protein–ligand relative motion and boosts the efficiency of absolute binding-free-energy calculations four- to eightfold, without compromising theoretical rigor.

The authors measure picosecond spin pumping in FeRh as a function of temperature by optical pump-THz emission spectroscopy. In the antiferromagnetic phase of FeRh enhanced spin pumping above the value measured in the ferromagnetic phase is observed.

Multi-resonant Au/Si particles exhibit unique photoluminescence spectra, enabling creation of physical unclonable functions with sub-diffraction-limited critical sizes. These findings pave the way for advanced anti-counterfeiting and cryptography.

Prior studies have pointed to the role of spin-polarized hot electrons in ultrafast demagnetization. Here, by combining time and element resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism with theoretical calculations, Gupta et al quantitatively resolve both the effect of spin polarization and the current densities in ultrashort hot electron pulses.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

The capturing of high valent iron in a catalytic reaction is important but difficult task. Here, the authors report identification of a high-valent Fe(IV)-species with different spectroscopic tools such as Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy during the course of an oxygen evolving reaction.

A single-cell sequencing study using more than 30,000 tumour genomes from human ovarian cancers shows that whole-genome doubling is an ongoing mutational process that drives tumour evolution and disrupts immunity.

In most van der Waals ferromagnets, reducing the number of layers reduces the Curie temperature. Here, Chuang et al., find that Cr₂Se₃ has an increased Curie temperature for thinner samples, and through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy they attribute this to differences in the valley carrier density in different thickness samples.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

In CHIP, somatic mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell lead to a clonal subpopulation of blood cells. Here, the authors perform a CHIP meta-EWAS to establish its epigenetic features and age-related outcomes.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.