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Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

The authors use atomistic calculations with machine-learned interatomic potentials to show that dislocation motion in metals like iron and tungsten involves a nearly constant activation entropy, challenging prior models and improving strength predictions.

Bacteria evolving within humans employ strategies to overcome trade-offs. Here, the authors report that the cystic fibrosis-associated pathogen Burkholderia dolosa alternates phenotypes in vivo by accumulating successive de novo mutations.

2023 CX1 is the only L-chondrite-like asteroid analysed from space to ground. It catastrophically fragmented in the atmosphere, depositing 98% of its energy in one burst—an unusual, high-risk fragmentation mode with implications for planetary defence.

Materials with ordered magnetic spiral phases can exhibit ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric effects, but applications are restricted by low magnetic-order temperatures. Here, the authors stabilize the magnetic spiral phase of YBaCuFeO₅at room temperature by controlling the iron–copper chemical disorder.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Single-agent maintenance PARP inhibition may represent an effective strategy for advanced/metastatic endometrial cancer treatment. Here this randomized phase IIb UTOLA trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of orally administered olaparib in female patients (n = 145) without progression following front-line platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic endometrial cancer.

Species synchrony is considered a major mechanism of biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships. Here, by combining theory, modelling and empirical work, the authors show that with time series length species synchrony decreases and its relationship with diversity switches from positive to negative.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Klebanoff and colleagues report that survival and persistence of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells are regulated by a FAS ligand–FAS autoregulatory circuit, showing that disabling FAS signaling enhances their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models.

Lipid particles loaded with RNA coding for tumour-unspecific antigens can enhance early responses of type-I interferons, mediating the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as epitope spreading.

The role of interspecific interactions in biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships is unclear. Here the authors develop a theoretical approach and show that empirical diversity–stability relationships in grasslands are best explained by species-specific dynamics rather than by interspecific interactions.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

Huang et al. analyzed serial samples from participants with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy and report improved clinical outcomes and enhanced antitumor responses in immunologically cold tumors.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Loss-of-function variants in thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 cause a neurodevelopmental and metabolic disorder. Here the authors identify genotype-phenotype relationships, advance insights in MCT8 (dys)function and create a pathogenicity-severity variant classifier.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Genomic analysis of Plasmodium DNA from 36 ancient individuals provides insight into the global distribution and spread of malaria-causing species during around 5,500 years of human history.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Protein serial crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is a powerful technique for structure determination. Here, authors present a device for sample delivery designed to abate challenges to non-specialists allowing for compound screening.

Despite many recent advances in silicon photonics for optical telecommunications and on-chip optical interconnects, the issue of power consumption has not been fully addressed. Here, Virot et al. propose a waveguide avalanche germanium photodiode suitable for low power consumption interconnects.

The Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) was developed to assess the rigour of studies using radiomics, a tool for medical imaging analysis. The RQS has been widely used in the field and now needs an update (RQS 2.0) to address contemporary needs. The authors of this Review introduce RQS 2.0, which integrates radiomics readiness levels to provide a structured framework towards clinical implementation.