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This study demonstrates that the MKK3b/6 signalling pathway drives the skeletal muscle growth-promoting effects of resistance exercise.

Evolution of improper ferroelectricity within the confinement of ultrathin films is essential for their successful implementation in nanoscale applications. Here, the authors show thickness dependence of the improper polarization originating from the strong modification of the primary order at epitaxial interfaces.

Electrically induced single-photon emission and spin initialization of a silicon T centre in photonic structures is a promising step towards integrated spin–photon interfaces for quantum networks.

’Systems with long coherence times are extremely important for the processing of quantum information. To this end the authors present a system able to cool down a resonator to its quantum mechanical ground state harnessing the large coupling between an ultra-coherent mechanical resonator and a superconducting circuit.’

Computational psychiatry is increasingly delivering causal evidence by focusing on interventions research and clinical trials. Causal evidence could improve patient outcomes through improved precision, repurposing, novel interventions, scaling of psychotherapy and better translation to the clinic.

Organic solvent nanofiltration is important for chemical and pharmaceutical industries, though it is challenging to design a membrane for efficient separations. Here, the authors design a column using micron-sized water droplets covered by ion-ligand complexes for efficient separations.

Carbon nanotubes are promising hosts for spin qubits, however existing demonstrations show limited coherence times. Here the authors report quantum states in a carbon-nanotube-based circuit driven solely by cavity photons and exhibiting a coherence time of about 1.3 μs.

A prototypical example of a ‘strategic atom replacement’ approach enables synthesis of N-alkyl pyrazoles from isothiazoles by swapping the sulfur atom with a nitrogen atom and its associated alkyl fragment to deliver the alkylated pyrazole.

There is a long-standing trade-off between piezoelectric coefficient and mechanical quality factor for piezoceramics. Here, authors embed local defect dipoles into phase boundary engineering to relieve this relationship in (K, Na) NbO3 piezoceramics.

Hybrid quantum systems offer increased functionality, however, they require strong coupling between components. Here, Shen and coauthors achieve strong coupling between polaritons, formed by strongly coupled magnons and photons, and phonons, paving the way for polaromechanical hybrid systems.

Transition metal oxides with 5d ions present novel emergent behaviour based on the enhanced coupling of material properties compared to those with 3d ions. Here, the authors demonstrate a large spin-phonon coupling in NaOsO₃which results from a large Os–O electronic orbital overlap.

Flores et al. show that brain-penetrant eIF2B agonists suppress ISR activation in cellular and mouse models of ALS and reduce ISR biomarkers in humans, enabling further clinical studies of ISR inhibition in individuals with neurological diseases

Fusion-based quantum computing relies on small entangled resource states that are then fused together probabilistically via linear optical circuits. Here, the authors demonstrate temporal fusion—where resource states generated at different times by the same quantum emitter are fused together—using a spin-photon interface in a quantum dot embedded in a photonic crystal waveguide.

Metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease presents challenges in clinical trials due to complex pathophysiology. This Review discusses noninvasive imaging, serum biomarkers and adaptive designs as modalities to enhance patient-centric end points, aiming to refine diagnostics and improve drug development.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening reveals novel modulators of heparan sulfate proteoglycans that regulate cellular uptake of α-synuclein fibrils, including in human dopaminergic neurons.

By controlling the flow or composition of liquids, optofluidics provides numerous possibilities for devices, and so has great potential for transformation optics. Here, a multi-mode optofluidic waveguide is presented, which manipulates light to produce controllable chirped focussing and interference.

Excitonic pairing in fractional quantum Hall states shows two new quantum phases, including a fractional exciton condensate and an unusual type of exciton that obeys fermionic or anyonic quantum statistics.

Functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity are expected to be positively correlated. Here the authors show that the covariation between these metrics in vascular plant communities around the world is often either inconsistent or negative.

A doped quantum antiferromagnet is obtained by using a Rydberg tweezer array comprising three levels encoding spins and holes to implement a tunable model that allows the study of previously inaccessible parameter regimes.

Activation of an LTR retrotransposon inserted upstream of the Fgf8 gene produces viral-like particles in the mouse developing limb, triggering apoptosis and causing limb malformation. This phenotype can be rescued by mutations in the retrotransposon coding sequence.

A high-confinement plasma that is potentially useful for controlled fusion has now been sustained for over 30 s. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak in Hefei, China, achieved this record pulse length by first confining the plasma using lithium-treated vessel walls, and then maintaining it with a so-called lower hybrid current drive.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

This Review highlights how terrestrial laser scanning is transforming forest research by enabling highly detailed 3D measurements of trees, supporting applications in forest ecology, carbon monitoring, and biodiversity assessment.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

The authors propose a graded ball milling strategy to improve the strength and efficiency of brittle Zintl thermoelectrics, enabling robust, high-performance modules for stable and scalable waste heat energy harvesting.

The composition of the Earth's core, particularly the light elements present, is not well constrained. Here, the authors report sound velocities of liquid iron-carbon alloy as measured at very high pressures using inelastic X-ray scattering and suggest that carbon cannot be predominant in the outer core.

A scanning tunnelling microscopy study of monolayer FeSe on strontium titanate reveals that this intriguing system has a plain s-wave pairing symmetry.

Theory predicts that phonons—quanta of lattice vibrations—can carry finite angular momentum and thus influence physical properties of materials. Now phonons with angular momentum have been seen in tellurium with a chiral crystal structure.

Macrophage-augmented organoids integrate macrophages into organoids that are cultured from human liver tissue for analysis of immune responses during three different viral infections.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet YSES-1 b are reported.

Conserving and restoring ecosystems requires understanding what natural vegetation would look like without human disturbance. This study maps the most likely global cover of trees, short vegetation, and bare ground, showing that land management through fire and herbivory may influence ecosystems more than climate change alone.

Accidental ingestion of Pb-contaminated soils represents a major route of Pb exposure for humans. Here, the authors show an effective and straightforward approach of drinking cola beverages to reduce blood Pb levels following the ingestion of contaminated soils based on animal models data.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Polarons arise from the interaction of extra charge carriers with the atomic lattice. Using first-principles calculations, the authors introduce an alternative mechanism for polaron formation in WO3 termed the anti-distortive polaron that arises from the undoing of inherent distortive motions.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

Human-induced pressure may alter the size structure of animal communities. Here, the authors investigate the impact of land use, non-native species and climatic variables on the body size structure of fish communities and fishery-associated ecosystem services in the Upper Paraná Floodplain.

The relationship between electronic ordering and superconductivity, crucial to understand high-T_c superconductors, remains elusive. Here, Sun et al. report the pressure-induced dome shape of a magnetic phase superceding the nematic order in FeSe, suggesting competing nature between magnetism and superconductivity.

A proof-of-principle study reports a complete photonic quantum computer architecture that can, once appropriate component performance is achieved, deliver a universal and fault-tolerant quantum computer.

The mechanism of chiral symmetry breaking in condensed matter systems is not well understood. Now charge-lattice symmetry frustration has been shown to be a key factor governing chirality in a charge density wave of 1T-TiSe₂.

The brain and body are necessarily connected. Here the authors show that brain blood flow and electrical activity are coupled with systemic physiological changes in the body.