Search

Powdery mildew and stem rust are two major wheat pathogens. Here, the authors report the cloning of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm37, reveal that it’s a susceptible allele of stem rust resistance gene Sr22, and speculate the allelic variation causing functional divergence.

A platinum(II) azido complex (complex 1) that releases platinonitrene upon X-ray exposure induces DNA damage and enhances immune checkpoint blockade outcomes via the abscopal effect.

The S44 locus is a unique quadripartite (RID, RIR, RIA and RIS) distorter–restorer system governing reproductive isolation between O. longistaminata and other rice lineages, and knockout of RID can universally overcome S44-mediated reproductive barriers in the AA genome.

A two-dimensional van der Waals material, NbOCl₂, that simultaneously exhibits near-unity linear dichroism (~99%) over 100 nm bandwidth in ultraviolet regime and large birefringence (0.26–0.46) within a wide visible–near-infrared transparency window is reported.

Wheat powdery mildew resistance is typically controlled by single-gene-encoded resistance protein. Here, the authors report the cloning of powdery mildew resistance locus PmWR183 and show that it encodes two adjacent nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins originated from wild emmer wheat.

The powdery mildew resistance of the MLIW170/PM26 locus, which originated from wild emmer wheat, is determined by a genetically linked atypical NLR gene pair, TdCNL1 and TdCNL5, with TdCNL1 encoding an atypical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein integrating a potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger domain.

Hybrid necrosis in wheat is caused by the complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2. The underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, Si et al. demonstrated that a genetic interaction between the α/β hydrolase (Ne1) and the NLR immune receptor (Ne2) triggers autoimmune responses, inducing hybrid necrosis.

Post-translational modifications including protein sumoylation is under specific regulation in glioma stem cells (GSCs). Here, the authors show that Pin1 is deubiquitinated and stabilized by USP34, which in turn promotes isomerization of Ubc9, leading to SUMO1-modified global hypersumoylation to maintain the tumorigenic capacity of GSCs.

Reprogramming has been shown to involve EMT-MET; however, its role in cell differentiation is unclear. Here the authors show that duringin vitrodifferentiation of hepatocytes, Activin A-induced formation of definitive endoderm requires EMT mediated by TGFβ signalling, followed by a MET process.

Van der Waals NbOCl2 crystal is a candidate platform for subwavelength thin film photon-pair sources. Here, the authors demonstrate generation of polarization entangled states from a two-layer stack of orthogonally oriented van der Waals crystal.

Here the authors identify a nuclear short form of IL-18 in cancer cells that can enhance NK cell activation to promote tumor elimination.

Powdery mildew is a fungal leaf disease that reduces yield and grain quality in susceptible wheat varieties. Here, the authors report the cloning of the wild emmer wheat originated powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36 as a membrane associated tandem kinase and its possible resistance mechanism.

Chemical perturbation of specific protein–protein interactions is notoriously difficult, yet necessary when complete inhibition of a signalling pathway is detrimental to the cell. Here, the authors use a systems approach and identify two first-in-class small molecules that specifically inhibit TNF-induced NF-κB activation.

Designing efficient on-skin devices with minimal sensory interference remains challenging. Here, Zhang et al. develop versatile electrospun micropyramid array-based on-skin devices, achieving both imperceptibility and high performances in pressure sensing, radiative cooling, and bioenergy harvesting.

Powdery mildew is a major threat to world wheat yields. Here the authors describe the map-based cloning of Pm24, a gain-of-function powdery mildew resistance allele that encodes a tandem kinase-pseudokinase protein with a deletion in a kinase domain that is endemic to certain wheat landraces.

A study using a copper-in-silver dilute alloy catalyst in a high-pressure gas flow reactor reports highly selective electrosynthesis of acetate from carbon monoxide.

Here, the authors identify key DNA methylation sites associated with incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS), improving ACS prediction and highlighting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ACS.

A direct search for effective electromagnetic interactions between dark matter and xenon nuclei that produce a recoil of the latter is carried out and the first constraint on charge radius of dark matter is derived.

The Northern Hemisphere has seen record declines in the summer sea-ice and snow cover at high latitudes, as well as a recent increase in extreme summer events at mid latitudes. The connection between these has been unclear; however, changes in atmospheric circulation attributable to the reduced cryosphere are now shown to be linked to the summer extremes.

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in clearing viral respiratory infection, but the molecular mechanism is not fully known. Here authors show that acetate, produced by gut bacteria, may enhance NLRP3-mediated type I interferon production following influenza infection in mice.

This work shows that by designing appropriate alloying elements in a body-centred-cubic high-entropy alloy, local chemical order and lattice distortion can be tuned, which influences the evolution of planar-slip bands, realizing pure-metal-like tensile ductility at gigapascal yield strength.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of oxidative cell death. In this study, the authors show that NUPR1, a stress-inducible transcription factor, may be a driver of ferroptosis resistance.

Biocompatible rare-earth nanoparticles with an emission maximum at 1,600 nm enable sensitive in vivo imaging.

Inflammasomes are involved in gut homeostasis and inflammatory pathologies. The authors show that a hyperactive NLRP3 inflammasome maintains gut homeostasis through remodelling of the gut microbiota and induction of regulatory T cells.

Typically, ion conducting polymers exhibit a trade-off between mechanical robustness and ionic conducting performance. Here, the authors utilize supramolecular chemistry obtaining extremely tough electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and enabling stretchable lithium-ion batteries.

Insects are biotechnologically important producers of recombinant proteins and materials, and their biology as crop pests has substantial economic consequences. Xiang et al. map cytosine methylation genome-wide at single-base resolution in the silkworm, opening the door for global studies of epigenetic DNA modification in insects.

Multi-omics approach provides insights into unique energy-saving strategies and the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota regulating sphingolipid and bile acid metabolism in the energy storage and supply in hibernating snakes.

Katherine Siminovitch and colleagues show that mice expressing the autoimmune disease–associated Ptpn22 coding variant show thymic and splenic enlargement and lymphocyte and dendritic cell hyperresponsiveness. They further show that the variant promotes degradation of the protein, suggesting that it enhances autoimmune disease risk through a loss-of-function mechanism.