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Using experimental and modelling evidence, this study reveals that small coral populations face fertilization failure due to Allee effects. The findings identify critical population thresholds needed to maintain reproductive success.

Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.

Mendes and colleagues present SReD, an unsupervised tool that detects repetitive biological structures in microscopy images. It works across imaging modalities and reveals patterns in viral assembly and cytoskeletal dynamics, thus enabling unbiased structural analysis.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

CLEM-Reg automates the three-dimensional alignment of volume correlative light and electron microscopy datasets by leveraging probabilistic point cloud registration techniques for fast and accurate results across diverse datasets.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Border and colleagues present FUSION, an open-source, web-based platform designed to integrate spatial omics with histological context. FUSION enables intuitive, interactive exploration of cellular and tissue-level features across diverse organs and assay types.

A discovery-oriented synthesis and characterization platform uses interchangeable polymer components to explore a large and complex parameter space to find possible combinations of components that satisfy the design rules at multiple nanolithography patterns dimensions.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Incomplete plumbing affects over a million people in the USA. Analysis of individual and household data for the 2015–2019 period from the US–Mexico border reveals the unequal nature of plumbing poverty in the borderlands and provides insight for future planning.

Li et al. discovered that the cytotoxic synthetic small molecule BRD1732 is directly ubiquitinated in cells. Ubiquitination of BRD1732 is E3 ligase dependent and leads to inhibition of proteasomal degradation.

Álvarez-Cubela et al. show that a BMP-7-like peptide induces β-cell regeneration and lowers hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, and reveal the transition of ductal cells into insulin-expressing cells. These results have potential therapeutic implications

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

The authors introduce the Neurolipid Atlas, a dynamic resource for the community to gain insight into lipid alterations in neurodegenerative disease, and they leverage the platform to show how cholesterol alterations in astrocytes can dysregulate neuroinflammatory pathways in Alzheimer disease.

It is desirable to have a microscopy technique that is non-invasive and able to provide high spatial resolution mapping of materials. Here Herruzo et al. develop a multifrequency force microscopy that enables simultaneous nanoscale mapping of mechanical spectra of soft matter surfaces.

A recording density of 1.5 Pb m⁻² using heat-assisted magnetic recording in a bit-patterned media is demonstrated. This represents a dramatic improvement in track width and optical efficiency over continuous media, owing largely to advantageous near-field optical effects.

Pulmonary artery-vein segmentation is essential for disease diagnosis but has not been used with non-contrast CT. Here the authors developed HiPaS, a deep learning method which enables this with no inferiority to CTPA performance and a large-scale anatomical study using HiPaS reveals pulmonary vessel differences associated with sex, age, and disease.

Escherichia coli uses curli fibres, oligomers of the functional amyloid CsgA, as a barrier to protect against the predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Myxococcus xanthus in a mechanism that is independent of genes required for biofilm formation.

Here, the authors identify evolutionary adaptation in the Andean Aymara that modulates NF-κB and HIF signaling, explaining elevated hemoglobin levels and suggesting its protective role against excessive inflammation during inflammatory stress.

Microswimmers navigating narrow channels face delays when encountering others moving in opposite directions. These delays can cause microswimmers to accumulate and form clusters that block the entire channel. Here, the authors use a kinetic theory incorporating effective displacements obtained from experiments with soil bacteria, to predict the critical densities for cluster formation.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with sinus node dysfunction, distal conduction disease and pacemaker implantation, implicating ion channel function, cardiac developmental programs and sarcomeric structure in bradyarrhythmia susceptibility.

Here, the authors show that germ cell transplantation and surrogate production of bluefin tuna sperm in small-bodied fish species shortens the period in which sperm is produced. This study opens the possibility of highly efficient seed production in bluefin tuna.

The mechanisms underlying bacterial chromosome configuration are not fully understood. Here, Spahn et al. show that the Escherichia coli nucleoid adopts a condensed, membrane-proximal configuration during rapid growth, with transcription and translation acting as main drivers of nucleoid organization.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Newman et al. show that, upon mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication stress, enlarged nucleoids are trafficked to endosomes. Endosomal rupture releases mtDNA into the cytoplasm, triggering cGAS–STING activation and innate immune signalling.

The loading of the replicative helicase MCM2-7 is vital for replication fork assembly. Here, the authors reconstituted human MCM2-7 loading and identified the roles of Cdc6 in complex resolution and cancer-associated mutations in Mcm3 recruitment.

The likelihood of severe COVID-19 increases with age upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and even milder disease manifestations might differ among age groups. Here authors show, by immune transcriptome analysis of samples from the upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood of participants from different age groups, that interferon responses are more typical for the young, while activation of myeloid, inflammatory, and coagulation pathways is exclusive to adults.

Measuring rhythm priors in 39 participant groups from 15 countries, the authors find that properties of rhythm representations are common across cultures, while variation from place to place related to local musical traditions exists.

The PRODIGITAL-D trial in adults aged 60+ years from socioeconomically deprived areas of Brazil showed that a 6-week self-help mobile messaging psychosocial intervention was effective in improving depression recovery at 3 months compared to a single message control intervention.

The molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in relapsed or refractory (rr) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the use of bulk and single cell multi-omics and ex vivo drug profiling for 21 rrAML patients reveals mechanisms of resistance to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax and treatment vulnerabilities.

Comparison of genome-wide association studies of HTT CAG repeat expansion in blood to expansion-driven clinical traits in Huntington’s disease identifies shared and distinct modifiers implicating DNA mismatch repair with tissue and cell-type specificity.

Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features is needed to understand the transition of kidney cells from health to injury. Here, the authors integrate dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury cell states, identifying a transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 which regulates adaptive repair and maladaptive failed repair.

Genome sequencing of nine individuals shows ancestry shifts in the Neolithization of northwestern Africa that probably mirrored a heterogeneous economic and cultural landscape in a more multifaceted process than observed in other regions.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a treatment option for patients with cancer. Here the authors propose a tumour-agnostic dual-virus strategy for cancer therapy by generating a vesicular stomatitis virus encoding a truncated version of HER2, combined with a vaccinia virus as a delivery platform for a HER2-targeted T-cell engager.

Scolaro et al. identify the enzyme cytidine deaminase (CDA) as upregulated in immunotherapy-resistant tumors and find it contributes to the UDP pool, which in turn modulates tumor-associated macrophages to instruct an immune-evasive TME.

The nucleus accumbens is a key region in rewarding and aversive behaviors. Here, authors show that nucleus accumbens shell D1- and D2-MSNs were similarly co-recruited during appetitive and aversive conditioning, yet D2-MSNs appeared to be more relevant for the extinction of aversive associations.