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Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials can augment the performance of photovoltaic and thermophotovoltaic cells by enhancing their absorption properties. Aydinet al. demonstrate a broadband, ultrathin plasmonic super absorber using crossed trapezoids as part of a metal–insulator–metal stack.

Unconventional quasiparticles carrying spin but not electric charge emerge in quantum spin liquid phases. The Kondo interaction of these spinon quasiparticles with magnetic impurities may now have been observed.

This protocol details the design principles and procedures for building programmable CRISPRi-based gene circuits, and for testing individual components and the assembled circuits in various plant species using a high-throughput protoplast-based assay.

The homeostasis of myelin in the central nervous system is highly regulated, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that the FBXW7 protein has a role in constraining myelin growth in the developing and adult central nervous system, preventing the accumulation of myelin abnormalities. FBXW7 acts in part through targeting the MYRF transcription factor for degradation.

H5N1 avian influenza viruses caused an outbreak in dairy cattle. We show that the potential for avian viruses to replicate in cow cells varies across H5N1 evolution, suggesting that the risk of spillover into mammals differs between variants.

Dietary restriction promotes the expansion of effector T cells via ketone bodies, which enhances anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with immunotherapy in mice.

Two monolayers of bismuth-containing cuprate will form a high-temperature topological superconductor when stacked with an approximately 45° rotation between the layers.

Dune fields often show abrupt changes in morphology over short distances, but the mechanism driving the changes has been unclear. Physical modelling and airborne altimetry from White Sands, New Mexico, show that the development of an internal boundary layer is linked to the vegetation and hydrologic patterns observed there.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread herpesvirus linked to cancer and autoimmune disease. The authors in this work design and characterize a stabilized prefusion form of gB, an essential viral fusion protein, advancing EBV vaccine and therapeutic development.

The microbiota may mediate the differential responses to oral cholera vaccine (OCV). Here, the authors reveal that the presence of sphingolipid-producing bacteria is associated with the development of protective immune responses after OCV.

An approach combining BONCAT, stable isotope probing and metaproteomics showcases the hidden metabolic interconnectivity of microorganisms within an anaerobic digestion community.

Multidrug efflux pumps help bacteria survive stress and promote antibiotic resistance. Here, authors define the molecular detail of an anaerobic-connected pump MdtF uncovering acid-responsive activity which may enable toxin control in certain niches.

Microbes that colonise ice sheet surfaces are important to the carbon cycle, but their biomass and transport remains unquantified. Here, the authors reveal substantial microbial carbon fluxes across Greenland’s ice surface, in quantities that may sustain subglacial heterotrophs and fuel methanogenesis.

Myocardial contractile force and intracardiac hemodynamic shear stress coordinate the initiation of trabeculation in heart development. Here, the authors report that radially aligned myocardial strain activates snai1b⁺/Notch⁻ cardiomyocytes, initiating delamination for trabeculation.

Mucociliary clearance is crucial for airway defense but its structure-function relationships in humans are not fully understood. Here, the authors show how airway epithelial structure impacts clearance by mapping cilia distribution, comparing human and rat airways, and developing quantitative models to assess function.

A detailed spatiotemporal roadmap of the human female and male reproductive tracts during key periods of sexual differentiation provides new cellular and molecular insights into how early axial gradients lead to specific cell lineages and tissue structures.

Streptococcus thermophilus phages circumvent host CRISPR defences via AcrIIIA2, which complexes with enolase, a highly abundant glycolysis enzyme, to block phage RNA binding.

Convection shapes BVOC dynamics over the Amazon rainforest, driving dawn photochemistry in the upper troposphere. Changes in BVOC emissions can strongly impact regional and global atmospheric chemistry.

Broadband Fabry–Pérot etalons are used as calibration sources in radial velocity exoplanet detection. This Article explores their performance limits and models the physical mechanism behind their complex measured chromatic drift.

Here the authors applied cryogenic time-resolved electron microscopy with rapid UV photolysis of a caged substrate to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of lipid-sugar transfer within the bacterial membrane by the glycosyltransferase GtrB.

Observations from a borehole in the Kamb Ice Stream suggest that discrete subglacial discharge events dominate channel melt and sediment transport.

Soft electronic probes for measuring neural activity can be made scalably in an initially planar form and turned into various three-dimensional geometries through a controlled rolling method.

New field measurements and modeling show meltwater refreezing in Greenland’s bare ice may reduce runoff to surrounding oceans, highlighting a process climate models can incorporate for improved predictions of future sea-level rise.

Gradient-based hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are often initialised with random, unstructured guesses. Here, the authors show that this approach will fail in the long run, due to the exponentially-small probability of finding a large enough gradient along any direction.

Authors utilise scanning electron microscopy to show that Borrelia burgdorferi initiates systemic vascular spread by targeting pericytes, while crossing of the lymphatic endothelium occurs via sequential encasement of the Lyme disease pathogen by endothelial cells.

Controlling nanoscale interfaces is key for ensuring stable plasmonic and catalytic function yet remains difficult to achieve under operando conditions. Now it has been shown that transient Au–Cl adlayers function as redox-active Au(I) intermediates, modulating interfacial electrostatics. This modulation stabilizes gold nanogaps and directs ligand rebinding, thereby enabling reproducible regeneration of subnanometre architectures.

The cool sub-Neptune LP 791-18 c, with an equilibrium temperature of 355 K, was found to host a hazy atmosphere, distinct from any other temperate sub-Neptune studied so far. The discovery demonstrates the intrinsic diversity of these worlds.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

Nonreciprocal transport is sensitive to the broken inversion symmetry of the electronic state. Here, the authors demonstrate a spontaneous voltage signal which they suggest is time-reversal-even and arises from a ratchet-type electronic potential.

The surface types that comprise the dark zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet, an area of bare ice with low albedo, are unknown. Here, the authors use UAV imagery to show that, during the melt-season, biologically active surface impurities are responsible for spatial albedo patterns and the dark zone itself.

A method termed ac⁴C-seq is introduced for the transcriptome-wide mapping of the RNA modification N⁴-acetylcytidine, revealing widespread temperature-dependent acetylation that facilitates thermoadaptation in hyperthermophilic archaea.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

JWST data show that the exoplanet WASP-18b has thermally distinct regions of its dayside. The authors mapped the sizes of these regions, measured their temperatures and potentially identify water destruction in the hottest region.

A new analysis of Dawn’s observations reveals Vesta’s moment of inertia, indicating limited central density variation. This finding suggests that Vesta did not undergo full differentiation, challenging conventional models of Vesta’s formation and evolution.

Experiments under upper-tropospheric conditions map the chemical formation of isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (important molecules for new particle formation) and reveal that relative radical ratios control their composition

The dayside thermal emission spectrum and brightness temperature map of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained from the NIRISS instrument on the JWST showed water emission features, an atmosphere consistent with solar metallicity, as well as a steep and symmetrical decrease in temperature towards the nightside.

Using several complementary models, including human iPSC-derived trophoblasts, trophoblast organoids, and placenta explants, the authors find cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts to be susceptible to Oropouche virus (BeAn19991) infection.

The supercooling parameter, P, was found to be the best indicator of grain morphology of metallic alloys produced with high solidification velocities. This provides guidance for the design of new alloys for use with additive manufacturing.

Disruption of mucin-domain glycoprotein expression and function in the endothelial glycocalyx are associated with ageing and Alzheimer’s disease, leading to dysregulated blood–brain barrier function.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Immune aging fosters multimorbidity and compromises control of infection and cancer. In a phase 1 randomized controlled trial in middle-aged adults, Denk and colleagues administer the mitophagy inducer urolithin A and profile cellular and metabolic aspects of immune aging.

Accurate liquid water modelling is challenging. Here the authors use X-ray micro-computed tomography, deep learned super-resolution, multi-label segmentation, and direct multiphase simulation to simulate fuel cell and guide fuel cell design.

The authors demonstrate deeply subwavelength light confinement in the terahertz spectral range by exploiting the strong light–matter coupling and hyperbolicity of phonon polaritons in hafnium-based dichalcogenides.

Integration of snATAC-seq and snRNA-seq data from brains of individuals with major depressive disorder identifies chromatin accessibility alterations and functional enrichment of risk variants in deep-layer excitatory neurons. Gray matter microglia in these individuals show decreased accessibility at sites bound by regulators of immune homeostasis.