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Greenhouse gas emissions, antimicrobial use, land use and animal welfare data representing most global commercial pig production systems show that no single system performs well across all measures, but trade-offs may be avoidable if mitigation measures are implemented within farming systems.

Metagenomic analyses of European pig and poultry farms show differing resistome profiles and an association with country-level antibiotic use.

Obtaining data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from healthy human populations is difficult. Here, Hendriksen et al. use metagenomic analysis to obtain AMR data from untreated sewage from 79 sites in 60 countries, finding correlations with socio-economic, health and environmental factors.

Laboratory experiments show that the inclusion of even small quantities of sulfur in the atmospheres of exoplanets at 800 K significantly increases photochemical complexity, both in the vapour and in the solid phase: many sulfur gas products are created (including potential biosignature gases) and the production of organic haze particles increases threefold.

Modern crocodylian diversity is in decline and sympatry is rare, with usually no more than two or three species occurring in the same geographic area. Here Scheyer et al. identify a diversity peak in sympatric occurrence of at least seven new and previously characterized crocodylian species during the Miocene in South America.

The impacts of antimicrobial resistance are unequally distributed and are more severe in lower- and middle-income countries. Here, the authors perform a critical interpretive synthesis of the evidence on intersectional inequities driving antimicrobial resistance and present a conceptual framework of their findings.

BamA is the catalytic core of the BAM complex, which inserts proteins into bacterial outer membranes. Here, the authors show that hinge flexibility between BamA’s β-barrel and POTRA domains is vital, demonstrating how evolution has fine-tuned the BamA sequence and structure for function.

The human enzyme MTHFR links the folate and methionine cycles, which are essential for the biosynthesis of nucleotides and proteins. Here, the authors present the crystal structure and biochemical analysis of human MTHFR, providing molecular insights into its function and regulation in higher eukaryotes.

Valley depolarization processes in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides have been linked to acoustic phonons, but optical verification is ambiguous, due to the nearly degenerate acoustic phonon frequencies at the zone-edge. Here, the authors determine the phonon momentum of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons at the K point as responsible for the ultrafast valley depolarization in monolayer MoSe₂.

Methylotrophic metabolism enables growth on methanol, an alternative to sugar fermentation. Here the authors use adaptive laboratory evolution to uncover native methylotrophy capacity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In this study, the authors assess the global response to the toxic aldehyde glyoxal (GO) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that GO controls quorum sensing during infection through a mechanism involving a novel protein, ArqI.

The ergot alkaloids are a class of natural products known for their pharmacologically privileged molecular structure that are used in the treatment of neurological ailments. Here the authors report on the production of the ergot (fungus)-derived therapeutic precursor, D-lysergic acid (DLA), in baker’s yeast.

Non-addictive treatments for pain are much needed. Here, the authors identify in vivo active leads for inflammatory pain using large library docking against the EP4 prostaglandin receptor.

The detection of the auroral footprint of Jupiter’s moon Callisto is challenging, but a shift in Jupiter’s bright main auroral oval could provide an opportunity for potential detections. Here, the authors show observation of the ultraviolet footprint of Callisto using Juno spacecraft data, benefiting from such opportunity.

Wildfires have unknown impacts on soil microbes and biogeochemistry. Using metagenomics across forest burn gradients, here the authors show severity-dependent losses in microbiome diversity and functional shifts that underpin post-fire survival.

Pathogens growing in host cells can be destroyed by a cellular process called autophagy. Here, the authors identify a strategy that allows one such bacterial pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, to block autophagic targeting of the pathogen and support its survival within host cells.

Genetic engineering of a yeast strain provides rare but essential pollen sterols for honeybee colonies.

Aircraft measurements over the Amazon show that new particle formation in the upper troposphere emerges when isoprene, emitted by forests, undergoes oxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides produced by lightning.

In this study, a new analytical technique is employed to measure Kr and Xe isotopes in groundwater at high precision. These measurements indicate that gravitational signals of past water-table depth are preserved in ancient groundwater, representing a novel proxy for past terrestrial hydroclimate.

Current-induced forces in atomic wires are shown to be non-conservative, which means that they are able to do net work and to drive atomic-scale motors. Numerical simulations are presented of a motor that turns like a waterwheel when current runs through it

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have shown tremendous number of applications but can suffer from low stability. Here, the authors report air and bench stable carbene precursors allowing facile SAM formation, and furthermore demonstrate an application in biosensing

Venus lacks a magnetic field, leading to interactions between the solar wind and its atmosphere. During its Venus fly-by, BepiColombo observed planetary C⁺ and O⁺ escape into space due to this interaction, which is important for understanding atmospheric evolution.

The reaction of benzyl radical self-reaction to anthracene opens-up a previously overlooked avenue for a more efficient synthesis of aromatic, multi-ringed structures via excited state dynamics in the gas phase.

A spectroscopic study of strontium titanate provides a method for transferring the vibrational energy of a low-frequency phonon mode to higher-frequency modes, with the potential to access elusive ‘silent’ modes.

The worldwide distribution and water supply of water towers (snowy or glacierized mountain ranges) is indexed, showing that the most important water towers are also the most vulnerable to socio-economic and climate-change stresses, with huge potential negative impacts on populations downstream.

Observations of the young supernova remnant SNR 0509-67.5 in the Large Magellanic Cloud reveal concentric shells of ionized calcium and sulfur that resemble hydrodynamical simulations of the double detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

By methylating the phosphate groups of PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ researchers can load this lipid more efficiently into a mass spectrometer and thus this lipid can be quantified in the presence of an internal synthetic standard.