Search

AmpG is an MFS importer of bacterial cell wall fragments. Here, authors present a cryoEM structure and supporting mutagenesis to illuminate AmpG’s essential role in bacterial fitness and derepression of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic resistance.

The axial Higgs mode is theoretically attributed to a hidden ferroaxial component of charge order. In rare-earth tritellurides, this ferroaxial order is now shown to be induced by intertwined orbital and charge orders.

Lipid particles loaded with RNA coding for tumour-unspecific antigens can enhance early responses of type-I interferons, mediating the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as epitope spreading.

Experiments on twisted bilayer graphene point to various interaction-induced phases, including the non-Fermi liquid, but its unambiguous assignment remains challenging. Here, using simultaneous transport and thermoelectric power measurements, the authors identify non-Fermi liquid signatures at low twist angle.

Polyubiquitin chains form a “ubiquitin code” to control protein functions. Here, the authors develop linkage-selective enDUBs to study this in live cells. Applied to Kv7.1 ion channel, enDUBs reveal distinct roles for K11, K29/33, K48, and K63 chains in regulating channel abundance and trafficking.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are known immune regulators, yet a systemic understanding of their regulatory crosstalk is still elusive. Here the authors establish a platform integrating RNA-binding proteome analyses and protein interactomes to map the lncRNA target network in human primary macrophages to build a searchable atlas of lncRNA.

Stereotactic needle biopsies are currently performed for diagnosis only in glioblastoma; this study highlights the depth of information available through multi-omics analysis.

Mutations in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway is found to be related with therapeutic resistance and poor outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here this group reports that cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc−, controlled by NRF2, can be non-invasively imaged by positron emission tomography thereby providing a sensitive and specific marker of NRF2 activation in advanced preclinical models of NSCLC.

GBA1 mutations cause Gaucher’s disease and are the strongest risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. Using stable cell lines and patient iPSCs, the authors show mitochondrial localization of GBA1, which may affect neurodegenerative disease risk.

The mechanisms directing chromatin remodeling complexes to genomic regions have remained elusive. Here, the authors show that lncRNAs direct SWI/SNF to cell type-specific enhancers, investigating an RNA-mediated layer of targeting specificity.

Myeloid cells are the predominant cell type in the tumor microenvironment of human and murine glioblastoma (GBM). By generating a mouse model deficient for all monocyte chemoattractant proteins, here the authors show that blocking monocyte recruitment promotes a compensatory neutrophil influx and that concomitant neutrophil inhibition is required to improve survival in GBM preclinical models.

Treatment with the oncolytic herpes virus CAN-3110 is associated with improved survival responses in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, particularly in individuals who are seropositive for HSV1.

Using engineered cardiac tissues, Fleischer, Nash et al. found that patients with lupus-mediated cardiac damage have unique autoantibodies that can independently alter tissue function. They also identified autoantibodies associated with heart injury.

Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Tissue chips with matured human heart, liver, bone and skin tissue niches linked by recirculating vascular flow recapitulate interdependent functions of these organs.

Orthoreovirus σNS, essential for forming viral replication factories, has RNA chaperone activity that requires the association of σNS dimers into filamentous structures stabilized by domain-swapping interactions of the flexible N-terminal arms.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive, and also the most common, brain tumour type in adults. Here, the authors generate a nanoparticle encapsulating the TLR7/8 agonist, R848, which induces tumour regression in mice by reprogramming myeloid cells independently of T and NK cells.

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by a metabolic switch similar to the Warburg effect in cancer. Here Dabral et al. describe a RASSF1a-HIF-1α feedforward loop driving the Warburg effect both in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and a subset of human cancer cells.

Diet intervention is emerging as an option to improve cancer therapy. Here, the authors show that a diet with restrictive cysteine and methionine synergizes with a ferroptosis inducer to increase cell death and survival in glioma preclinical models.

Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

A chiral fluid comprising spinning colloidal magnets exhibits macroscopic dynamics reminiscent of the free surface flows of Newtonian fluids, together with unique features suggestive of Hall—or odd—viscosity.

Dridi et al. identified a mechanism for cognitive dysfunction after heart failure in which hyper-adrenergic signaling and transforming growth factor-beta activation induced Ca²⁺ leak by RyR2 channels in hippocampal neurons.

Forecasting models have been used extensively to inform decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this preregistered and prospective study, the authors evaluated 14 short-term models for Germany and Poland, finding considerable heterogeneity in predictions and highlighting the benefits of combined forecasts.

Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential DNA repair pathway for genomic stability. Here the authors show that C17orf53/MCM8IP, an OB-fold containing protein, promotes HR through direct binding and activation of the MCM8-9 helicase complex.

Song and colleagues show that FDA-approved cough suppressant dextromethorphan could be used as an agonist of sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) to normalize the action potential in human cellular models and a mouse model of Timothy syndrome, a congenital disease with no available treatment. The researchers also show that dextromethorphan normalizes the action potential in human cellular models of two additional inherited cardiac arrhythmias: long QT syndrome types 1 and 2, which are caused by mutations in different genes.

Structural, functional and localization studies reveal that Geobacter sulfurreducens pili cannot behave as microbial nanowires, instead functioning in a similar way to secretion pseudopili to export cytochrome nanowires that are essential for extracellular electron transfer.

In this work, the authors report the use of a computationally and rationally designed self-assembling peptide that has robust antiviral capability with demonstrated specificity in binding to SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of viral entry into human cells.

Fibrocytes are monocyte-derived cells implicated in wound healing. Here, the authors utilise single cell RNA-seq, genetic ablation and multiplexed imaging to identify a fibrocyte population in lung cancer models, and use human lung cancer coculture systems to highlight their potential to modulate microenvironmental niche and sensitivity to endothelin blockade.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with insufficient treatment strategies. Here the authors show that reduction of the microRNA MIRLET7D and hyperactivation of EP300 contribute to impaired epigenetic silencing by the MiCEE complex in pulmonary fibroblasts of IPF patients, and demonstrate the benefit of inhibiting EP300 for the treatment of IPF.

This study shows that maternal and perinatal obesity cause bronchial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through an IL-6-FoxO1 axis, and favor thereby the emergence of bronchial obstruction and pulmonary hypertension later in life.

Using a composite bioinformatics approach, the DNA:DNA:RNA triplex-forming lncRNAs HIF1α-AS1 was identified in human endothelial cells which recruits an epigenetic silencing complex to limit expression of triplex target genes.

The response to infectious and inflammatory challenges differs among people but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Here the authors explore the impact of variables such as age, sex, and the capacity for controlling inflammation and maintaining immunocompetence, linking this capacity to favourable health outcomes and lifespan.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome may occur in children following COVID-19 infection. Here, the authors analyze gene signatures to show that MIS-C shares the same host immune response as the pre-pandemic inflammatory syndrome of Kawasaki disease but is further along in the spectrum in disease severity

A study of SARS-CoV-2 variants examining their transmission, infectivity, and potential resistance to therapies provides insights into the biology of the Delta variant and its role in the global pandemic.