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Strained organic compounds have long fascinated the chemistry community. Heterocyclic allenes are particularly interesting strained intermediates, but their use in synthetic chemistry is rather scarce. Now, an experimental and computational study of azacyclic allenes demonstrates that heteroatom-containing cyclic allenes can be harnessed for the construction of complex molecular scaffolds, including those that bear multiple stereogenic centres.

An integrative genomic analysis of several hundred endometrial carcinomas shows that a minority of tumour samples carry copy number alterations or TP53 mutations and many contain key cancer-related gene mutations, such as those involved in canonical pathways and chromatin remodelling; a reclassification of endometrial tumours into four distinct types is proposed, which may have an effect on patient treatment regimes.

Progressive diseases tend to be heterogeneous in their underlying aetiology mechanism, disease manifestation, and disease time course. Here, Young and colleagues devise a computational method to account for both phenotypic heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity, and demonstrate it using two neurodegenerative disease cohorts.

Climate change laws are shown to reduce national CO₂ emissions by 0.78% in their first three years and 1.79% in the longer term. These reductions add up to 38 GtCO₂ of avoided emissions for 1999–2016—equal to a year of CO₂ emissions.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive disease with limited options for treatment. Here, the authors analyse the DNA methylome and mutational profile of JMML to define three subgroups with unique molecular and clinical characteristics.

A new algorithm for analyzing genome sequences of family members helps identify genes associated with disease.

Diluting phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter molecules in solid-state host matrices has proven to be a useful strategy to hinder self-quenching mechanisms, but host materials must meet several criteria to enable energy efficient and stable OLEDs. Here, the authors report the synthesis of a series of 1,3,5-oxadiazines from a one-pot interrupted Fischer indolization, and demonstrate that they possess highly desirable characteristics as host materials in deep-blue OLED devices.

Draft genome, 994 re-sequenced lines and GWAS for yield-traits provide a resource of genetics and genomics tools for pearl millet researchers and breeders.

New-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) utilize various drugs, polymers, and scaffold technologies, which have improved the safety of these stents in comparison with first-generation DES. Clinicians now have a variety of stents to choose from, and the choice can be tailored to the individual patient. Garg and colleagues present the concepts and rationale behind these new stent designs, and introduce some of the clinical data that support their use. In this Review, they aim to provide an update for general and interventional cardiologists who treat patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

microbeMASST is a tool to associate known and unknown metabolites to microbial producers leveraging untargeted metabolomics data.

Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) have a near total absence of body fat owing to mutations in genes involved in lipid storage. This Review describes the genetic pathophysiology of the four main forms of CGL and makes recommendations for their appropriate diagnosis and management. Specific therapies for CGL are currently limited, but the authors highlight novel drugs currently in development to treat this condition.

The Midwest Healthcare Case Competition lets graduate trainees gain practical experience and exposure to alternative careers in a condensed time frame without taking away from research commitments.

Genetic and molecular research has improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lipodystrophy, a disorder characterized by complete or partial loss of adipose tissue. This Review describes the various types of lipodystrophy syndromes known to date, as well as mechanisms responsible for concomitant metabolic abnormalities, and provides a perspective on current treatment options and novel therapeutic approaches, with a focus on the adipokines leptin and adiponectin.

Advanced noninvasive imaging techniques add diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, complementing patient history, electrocardiogram, and cardiac biomarkers for timely identification or ruling out of acute coronary syndrome. In this Review, Garg and colleagues summarize the current guidelines and clinical use of the most common noninvasive imaging techniques, and provide an update on developments in noninvasive imaging.

Ultrafast optical spectroscopy can be used to map the contribution of all phonon modes to the thermal conductivity in nanostructures.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease that can be associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A new study shows that mice with myocardial deletion of Mib1, which encodes a ubiquitin ligase in the Notch signaling pathway, have LVNC phenotypes and identifies MIB1 mutations in humans with LVNC (pages 193–201).

This Review describes the luteal phase of natural menstrual cycles and in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The authors highlight the need for luteal phase support during IVF, outlining various luteal phase support regimens, mechanisms for luteal phase deficiency and potential biomarkers of endometrial receptivity.

Valve replacement is currently the only treatment for calcific aortic valve disease. Studies of an uncommon, genetic form of aortic valve disease have yielded in vitro and mouse models of the disease and a transcriptomic disease signature. Machine learning-driven screens for compounds that normalize this signature promise to enable medical management of aortic valve disease.

The artificial pancreas — the automated closed-loop control of diabetes mellitus — made its first outpatient strides in 2011. In 2017, the results of long-term clinical trials on the artificial pancreas were published, the first hybrid commercial artificial pancreas system was approved and the artificial pancreas was tested under increasingly demanding conditions. Thus, artificial pancreas technology is here to stay.

Detection of structural variants in the human genome is facilitated by a benchmark set of large deletions and insertions.

An effective risk score for patients undergoing coronary angioplasty is yet to be established. In this article we discuss the merits of using the EuroSCORE risk model for assessing these patients, and propose a potential modification to the system.

Human population genomic studies, including whole‐genome sequencing, were undertaken to identify determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), a major predictor of osteoporotic fractures. Non‐coding variants with large effects on BMD and fractures were identified near the EN1 locus and mouse studies confirmed this gene has an important role in skeletal biology.

A technique of NMR thermometry that relies on the inverse relationship between NMR linewidths and temperature can be used to map non-invasively the gas temperatures inside catalytic reactors, offering unprecedented capabilities for testing the approximations used in reactor modelling.

Drag effects between interacting particles in nearby layers can impact their motion. Here, this idea is extended to angular momentum in domain walls in a synthetic antiferromagnet and synchronization is observed.