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An atlas study of adipose tissue in people with obesity undergoing weight loss and their lean counterparts reveals that weight loss reduces cell senescence but cannot reverse all the metabolic problems caused by obesity.

Immune cells contribute to adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction. Here the authors show in mice and pigs that CD8⁺ lymphocytes release Granzyme B in the infarcted heart leading to cardiomyocyte death, enhanced inflammation and deterioration of cardiac function.

A graph neural network framework enables individualized genetic risk prediction at the single-cell level.

Derivation of human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) is critical for reproductive medicine. Here, authors report the induction of hPGCLCs in a bioengineered human pluripotent stem cell culture that mimics peri-implantation human development.

Kidney disease compromises the humoral immune response to vaccines and infections. Here authors show in multiple murine kidney disease models that apoptosis of germinal center B cells via hippuric-acid-driven loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is a central cause of diminished antibody response.

The existence of a common substrate for emotional valence and anxiety remained elusive. Here we show that excitatory neurons of the anterior insular cortex (aIC), including neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (aIC-BLA) encode both states.

Ferriero et al. show that liver fibrosis reduces the efficiency of AAV-based gene therapy by limiting liver uptake and altering vector distribution to other organs. The impact of fibrosis varies depending on the AAV variant, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in fibrotic diseases.

Castleman disease encompasses a group of disorders characterised by abnormal lymph node morphology. Here the authors use single cell and spatial transcriptomics to assess the stromal, immune and interaction architecture of different subtypes of Castleman disease, indicating potential ligand-receptor interactions between immune cells.

How the shape of the pre-implantation murine embryo changes dramatically upon implantation is unclear. Here, the authors use live imaging with a cdx2-GFP reporter line in combination with loss of function experiments to demonstrate that FGF signalling mediated trophectoderm morphogenesis orchestrates this process.

Hu et al. study the role of hexokinase 2 in microglial metabolism and function, and show its dual role under physiological and pathological conditions in a mouse model of stroke-induced neuroinflammation

Here the authors show that human pancreatic islets adapt during pregnancy with increased α-cell area and GLP-1 abundance, while key differences from islet adaptations in mouse pregnancy include unchanged β-cell PRLR abundance and absent β-cell 5-HT_2B receptor expression.

Defining clinically meaningful criteria for copy number alterations (CNA) remains challenging. Here, the authors explore the distribution and prognostic impact of CNA features in a large clinically annotated cohort of meningiomas, determining arm call thresholds that enable consistent molecular classification and patient stratification.

Romani et al. report that cells on soft extracellular matrix have increased mitochondrial fission, with subsequent production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and NRF2, which may increase resistance to reactive oxygen species-dependent chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer cells in vitro and in mouse lungs.

RELMβ mediates a gut immune–epithelial circuit regulating tolerance to food antigens, offering targetable candidates for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing is used to investigate cirrhotic liver with PoPH and identifies diminished circulating BMP9, excess estrogen levels, altered arginine metabolism, and dysregulated GDF15 signaling may contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PoPH

The basolateral amygdala is implicated in several behavior-related states including anxiety, autism, and addiction. The authors apply circuit-level pathway tracing methods combined with computational techniques to provide a comprehensive connectivity atlas of the mouse basolateral amygdala complex.

This Review discusses the potential benefits of prehabilitative interventions in patients with and survivors of testicular cancer. Although there are few studies in the field, available data suggest a benefit of prehabilitation in improving mental health and quality of life in these patients, highlighting the need for additional research in this field.

The molecular and cellular underpinnings of cribriform prostate cancer aggressiveness remain to be explored. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA-sequencing, TCR sequencing and histology and reveal cancer cell intrinsic pathways and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment.

Tumour necrosis is associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor outcomes in patients with glioblastomas, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show that in a xenograft mouse model of glioblastoma, tumour-infiltrating neutrophils amplify necrosis by promoting myeloperoxidase-induced tumour cell ferroptosis.

Systematic base-editing and computational screens identify specific cysteine residues on VPS35 in the retromer complex as key sensors that decrease mitochondrial translation in response to reactive oxygen species signals.

Mesocosm experiments revealed that both phytoplankton community composition and cellular acclimation influence marine particulate C:N:P ratios, with community shifts more sensitive to nitrogen supply and acclimation to the nutrient N:P supply ratio

Flanigan et al. show that activation of inhibitory neurons in the lateral habenula by the neuropeptide orexin (hypocretin) promotes both inter-male aggression and conditioned place preference for contexts associated with winning aggressive contests.

City pedestrians must look out for road traffic, especially at busy intersections. This study finds that New York City’s leading pedestrian interval program gives people a head start over turning traffic that improves safety.

This study maps regulatory variation in blood using whole-genome and transcriptome data from 614 South Africans, providing a resource to aid the interpretation of genome-wide association studies in African populations.

Determining uterine receptivity before embryo transfers is a major barrier in IVF. Here they identify a FOXA2-dependent preimplantation differentiation process in uterine glands that yields expanded branching, and which could be a useful measure of uterine receptivity.

This study assesses current global ozone pollution and reveals significant O₃-related health risks, with key focuses on population exposure and all-cause mortality burden, using the high-resolution estimation from a geo-ensemble learning model.

Following a stroke, there is generally limited functional recovery, but plasticity in adjacent intact areas may be critical to rehabilitation. These authors report that tonic GABA_A inhibition is elevated in cortex immediately surrounding the stroke site. Furthermore, genetically or pharmacologically reducing tonic GABA_A receptor signalling leads to improved functional and motor recovery in a mouse model of stroke, suggesting that this could be a new pharmacological target for stroke therapy.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

A series of fluorescent probes is designed that act as dual agonists on both GLP1 and GIP receptors, and are used to image receptor binding activities in tissues and animals.

Rasmussen Encephalitis is a rare neurological disease accompanied by inflammation and T cell infiltration in the brain. Here the authors show that the severity of this disease correlates with clonal CD8 T cell expansion.

Liu et al., report extensive maps of chromatin interactions, single-cell expression, and other molecular features in human arterioles and uncover mechanisms linking noncoding genetic variants to gene expression and the development of hypertension.

A comprehensive cell atlas of the aged prefrontal cortex identifies two distinct cellular trajectories of ageing driven by specific glial and neuronal subpopulations, some of which are associated with clinicopathologic traits that define Alzheimer’s disease.

Genomic analysis of Plasmodium DNA from 36 ancient individuals provides insight into the global distribution and spread of malaria-causing species during around 5,500 years of human history.

The hippocampal dentate spike, an understudied population event that frequently occurs between sharp-wave ripples, may underlie a mechanism re-engaging the brain with the external world during synchronous population events, and support memory during non-locomotor behaviour.

ERα^vlVMH neurons mediate the inhibitory role of 17β-oestradiol on prolactin production, and this inhibition is lifted in lactating mice to promote lactation-associated metabolic adaptations.

A cross-sectional study from four African countries shows the importance of investigating the gut microbiome in previously under-represented populations and provides a framework for equitable microbiome research.

RANK promotes the hormone-mediated development of thymic regulatory T cells during pregnancy; loss of RANK is associated with impaired maturation of maternal regulatory T cells, leading to fetal loss and the development of gestational diabetes.

Here, English et al. show that after expanding in lymphoid tissues, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells recognising hepatic antigens migrate into specialised vascular liver areas where CD4⁺ T cells locally license hepatic dendritic cells and further expand CD8⁺ T cell numbers.