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Adaptive optical vision Fourier transformer (AOViFT) is a machine learning-based framework for accurately inferring aberrations and restoring diffraction-limited performance in diverse biological specimens.

Australia and South Africa will share the SKA.

Dynamic network models offer insight into brain networks affected by epileptic seizures. Here the authors derive ViEEG (virtual intracranial EEG) from non-invasive MEG recordings that show brain areas involved in seizure generation in patients with epilepsy.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

The topographical features of insect wings result in some interesting surface properties, including hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity. Here the authors identify the surface of black silicon as a mimic of dragonfly wings and show that it too possesses antibacterial activity.

The authors report upconversion in few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides, and attribute it to a resonant exciton-exciton annihilation involving a pair of dark excitons with opposite momenta, followed by the spontaneous emission of upconverted bright excitons.

Time-resolved MEG modeling under Xenon anesthesia identifies posterior parietal connectivity and cortical stability as correlates of consciousness, with weaker parietal-occipital and parietal-to-prefrontal links marking reduced responsiveness.

The use of PET for detection of Aβ in the brain in AD has limitations; studies also indicate that retinal changes, including Aβ deposition, occur in AD. Here the authors demonstrate the potential to use in vivo retinal hyperspectral imaging as a surrogate for brain accumulation of Aβ.

Patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary (CUP) are currently unable to gain access to drugs through standard of care or clinical trials. Here, the authors perform whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) on 72 patients with CUP and demonstrate the feasibility of using WGTS to determine the specific cancer types of CUP, thereby clinically benefiting patients with CUP.

Intense extreme UV and X-ray coherent sources are set to revolutionize numerous research areas, yet characterization of their polarization remains elusive. Here, Mazza et al.measure the polarization state of circularly polarized extreme UV light from a free-electron laser using circular dichroism.

Coherent radio emission with a long (nearly 6.5 h) period has been detected from both magnetic poles of a rotating compact object, offering insights into the evolution and emission mechanism of compact radio transients.

The baryon density determined along the lines of sight to localized fast radio bursts is consistent with that determined from the cosmic microwave background and required by Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

Analysis of policies for promotion criteria to full professor from academic institutions and government agencies worldwide reveals considerable variation in assessment practices, particularly between the Global North and South.

Split-site solution could allow both Australia and South Africa to host parts of the Square Kilometre Array.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

A study of 36 massive galaxies at redshifts between 5 and 9 from the JWST FRESCO survey finds that galaxy formation of the most massive galaxies is 2–3 times higher than the most efficient galaxies at later epochs.

Machine learning can be used to identify subtypes of psychiatric disease. Here the authors identified two neurostructural subgroups in schizophrenia, each showing reproducibility and generalizability across different collection locations and illness stages, using the SuStain algorithm.

Observations of a six-day-long radio transient following a fast radio burst have yielded the host galaxy’s redshift, which, combined with the dispersion measure, provides a direct measurement of the cosmic density of ionized baryons in the intergalactic medium including all of the so-called ‘missing baryons’.

The infrared view of JWST has opened up the early Universe to study. This Perspective summarizes the key developments in our understanding of the high-redshift Universe from the first 18 months of JWST observations.

A series of early-time, multiwavelength observations of an optical transient, AT2022cmc, indicate that it is a relativistic jet from a tidal disruption event originating from a supermassive black hole.

A few missing photons in Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations lead to robust neutron star mass measurements in eclipsing millisecond pulsar binaries, ruling out an ultra-massive pulsar in the original Black Widow system.

The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.

Construction of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) is complete, but debugging has only just begun.

The traditional Haber–Bosch process as well as recent alternative approaches based on photo- or electrocatalysis all rely on solid catalysts to convert nitrogen into ammonia. Here the authors disclose an effective method for the synthesis of this crucial commodity based on a Cu–Ga liquid metal catalyst instead.

Long-period radio transients emit powerful polarized signals lasting minutes to an hour. The discovery of ASKAP J1935+2148, a source showing diverse emission modes that resemble neutron-star behaviour, challenges existing ideas of these phenomena.

RUBIES-EGS-QG-1 is an exceptionally massive and mature galaxy discovered just 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang. Its stars formed in an extremely rapid burst, posing a major challenge to all current theoretical models.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

The H.E.S.S. gamma-ray observatory has observed gamma rays with energies of at least 20 TeV from a pulsar, an energy regime that is hard to reconcile with the existing theories of gamma-ray production for such objects.

Deep tissue imaging has been limited by the low brightness of probes emitting in the second near-infrared window. Here, the authors use femtosecond laser irradiation to grow a protective shell on Ag₂S nanoparticles, achieving 80-fold quantum yield enhancement and imaging with low excitation intensities.

JWST/NIRSpec observations of Abell2744-QSO1 show a high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in the early Universe, which indicates that we are seeing the black hole in a phase of rapid growth, accreting at 30% of the Eddington limit.