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The vascular, cellular and molecular changes underlying sex differences in mood disorders are unclear. Here, the authors show that blood-brain barrier dysfunction modulates anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in female mice and endothelium-specific changes associated with maladaptive responses compared to resilience to stress.

Leukemias with ambiguous lineage require further characterisation. Here, the authors perform epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis of a subgroup of such leukemias with CpG Island Methylator Phenotype and propose that epigenetic dysregulation and not genetic lesions explains their mixed phenotype.

The Staufen family of RNA-binding proteins are conserved microtubule dependent mRNA transporter factors. Here the authors use biochemical and functional approaches to characterize the RNA-binding properties of mouse Staufen 2 and study the mRNA binding capacity of its two domains dsRBDs 1 and 2.

Shape distortion is a limitation for sintering-based manufacturing techniques, yet the fundamental causes are not fully understood. Here, the authors study and characterize such behavior and develop a continuum model to describe the effect and provide fundamental understanding to control distortion.

Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination has been exploited in the clinic for cancer treatment. Here the authors report the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of adjuvant blood-derived DC cell-based therapy in patients with stage IIIB and IIIC melanoma.

Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles gambiae reveal key developmental stages, processes and factors in parasite–mosquito interactions and identify potential targets for blocking malaria transmission.

Constructing a reference genome for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) allows for genetic diversity during the evolution of sub-genomes in quinoa to be characterized and markers that may be used to develop sweet commercial varieties are identified.

Memory B cells are important for protecting the host from pathogen rechallenge, but their properties and locations remain ill-defined. Here the authors show, using single-cell transcriptomics and repertoire analyses, that mouse spleen and bone marrow host distinct populations of isotype-switched memory B cells to potentially optimize for rapid recall responses.

Genome engineering in cell lines or human stem cells often has poor efficiency, limiting the development of research and therapeutic applications. Here, the authors use a toxin-based selection system for precise bi-allelic engineering in cells and in vivo.

DNA barcoding methods for the analysis of clonal heterogeneity in cancer have been limited in terms of throughput and practical requirements. Here, the authors develop SunCatcher, a rapid and sensitive barcoding approach for live single-cell clonal evolution analysis, and use this method to study breast cancer cell populations.

By integrating single-cell RNA and physically interacting cell sequencing analysis, here Cohen and colleagues report that neutrophils are enriched in physical crosstalk with breast tumor cells, promoting cancer aggressiveness.

Here the authors show efficacy of a low-dose, unmodified, bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in two female rodent models and find that combination of mRNA encoding Beta and Delta Spike sequences induces broadly neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses.

The histone variant H3.3 is phosphorylated at Ser31 in induced genes, and this selective mark stimulates the histone methyltransferase SETD2 and ejects the ZMYND11 repressor, thus revealing a role for histone phosphorylation in amplifying de novo transcription.

mTORC1 regulates cellular growth from the lysosome, but how changes in the organisation of the lysosomal system affect mTORC1 signalling is poorly understood. Here the authors show that amino acid-dependent Rap1-mediated changes in lysosomal abundance determine overall signalling output of mTORC1.

Tau accumulation is associated with disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors use resting state fMRI and tau-PET to demonstrate that baseline connectivity in Alzheimer's disease is associated with tau spreading.

Chemotherapy resistance in recurrent gliomas is a large hurdle for successful therapy. Here, the authors show that some recurrent gliomas harbour O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genomic rearrangements, and in vitro and in vivo these contribute to temozolomide resistance.

Functional and structural characterization of rhodopsin-bestrophin fusion proteins from marine algae unveils the existence of giant light-sensitive anion channels with unusual biophysical properties.

Comprehensive molecular profiles are required to understand and treat sarcomas, which comprise more than 70 different subtypes. Here, the authors profile the genomic landscape of 7494 sarcomas across 44 histologies using targeted panel sequencing and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Flagellin proteins of Salmonella flagella are methylated. Here, the authors show that flagellin methylation facilitates adhesion of Salmonella to hydrophobic host-cell surfaces, and contributes to efficient gut colonization and host infection.

Rapid and accurate detection of fusion genes is important in cancer diagnostics. Here, the authors demonstrate that targeted RNA sequencing provides fast, sensitive and quantitative gene fusion detection and overcomes the limitations of approaches currently in clinical use.

Post-neoadjuvant treatment options for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) include the chemo-drug capecitabine but also immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here the authors report the results of a phase II study of adjuvant nivolumab, capecitabine or the combination in patients with residual TNBC.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the filamentous hydrogen-dependent CO₂ reductase (HDCR) enzyme from Thermoanaerobacter kivui, together with enzymatic analysis and in situ cryo-electron tomography, provides insight into the high catalytic activity of HDCR.

B cell development is tightly regulated in a stepwise manner to ensure proper generation of repertoire diversity via somatic gene rearrangements. Here, the authors show that a transcription factor, Erg, functions at the earliest stage to critically control two downstream factors, Ebf1 and Pax5, for modulating this gene rearrangement process.

Bioluminescence imaging tends to rely on transgenic luciferase-expressing cells and animals. Here the authors report a portable bioluminescent system to non-invasively measure intra- and extracellular enzymes in vivo in non-transgenic animals which do not express luciferase.

Synaptic activity controls the extinction of conditioned fear. Here the authors discovered a new way that the brain controls memories of fear: a long noncoding RNA called Gas5 that coordinates the activity of RNA granules in the synaptic compartment.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Obtaining a high-resolution contact map using current 3D genomics technologies can be challenging with small input cell numbers. Here, the authors develop ChromaFold, a deep learning model that predicts cell-type-specific 3D contact maps from single-cell chromatin accessibility data alone.

Accurate future predictions are essential for guiding behavior, and disruptions in this process are associated with psychiatric disorders. Here the authors show that changes in baseline dopamine levels can alter the efficacy of learning from positive versus negative reward prediction errors.

The intermediate states occurring during nucleotide addition by HIV-1 RT remain unclear. Here, authors use cryo-EM to capture five unique states that show how a mobile catalytic Mg²⁺ drives phosphodiester bond formation.

Using two wavelengths to activate different photoreactions in a resin system has attracted attention in the scientific community. Here, the authors use wavelength orthogonal photochemistry to spatially control the curing kinetics of a thiol-ene photopolymerization reaction.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

MassIVE.quant is a data repository and data resource for reproducible quantitative mass spectrometry–based proteomics.

Whole-genome sequencing of matched serial tumours from patients identifies two key mutagenic factors (APOBEC3 and chemotherapy) and extrachromosomal DNA-forming structural variants that drive treatment resistance in urothelial cancer.

The CLL14 study (NCT02242942) explored the activity of obinutuzumab (anti-CD20) plus venetoclax (Bcl2 inhibitor) versus obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here the authors report the 5-year long-term results of the clinical trial and transcriptional profiles associated with response to therapies.

Lithographic metal patterns are used to control the formation of large droplets that naturally occur during the heating of compound semiconductors. The general concept opens a new way to steer bottom-up synthesis across the surface of a chip.

Carbohydrate esterases alter polysaccharides by removing ester groups. Here, the authors resolved crystal structures of two CE20 enzymes and discovered a novel, water-mediated catalytic triad essential for activity, offering insights into enzyme function and mechanism.

HIV exposed but uninfected infants may face an increased risk of serious infection and mortality. In this work, the authors utilise a cohort from rural Zimbabwe to explore the biological mechanisms underlying infant mortality.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The phosphoethanolamine modified cellulose in E. colibiofilms has revealed that polysaccharide functionalization alters the biofilm properties. Here, the authors show a model system to explore the role of phosphoethanolamine and other unnatural modifications on the properties of the biofilm-inspired assemblies.

Anandasabapathy and colleagues show that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 impacts the specification of tissue-resident memory T cells in the skin.

TINCR encodes a p53-regulated ubiquitin-like microprotein expressed in stratified epithelia. Tincr loss promotes UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice and deletions and mutations in human squamous cell carcinoma support a tumor suppressor role.

Neural mechanisms underlying state-dependent flexible selection are not fully understood. Here authors show that NPY homologues in Drosophila larva differentially modulate reciprocally connected inhibitory neurons to bias non-feeding decisions, favoring escape-type actions (Head Cast), over protective-type actions (Hunch), in response to a mechanical cue.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Whole-genome sequencing and mutational signature analysis of 265 head and neck cancer samples collected from eight different countries provide insight into the vital contribution of tobacco smoke in disease etiology.

Single-cell analysis of lung cancer progression uncovers developmental and regenerative programs co-opted by cancer cells and immune-mediated pruning during metastatic outbreak

Wood density is a key control on tree biomass, and understanding its spatial variation improves estimates of forest carbon stock. Sullivan et al. measure >900 forest plots to quantify wood density and produce high resolution maps of its variation across South American tropical forests.