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Rizzollo et al. show that BDH2 participates in iron distribution between cellular compartments, which sets the threshold for the ferroptosis vulnerability of the melanoma cell phenotypes, ultimately affecting their metastatic capacity

Sassano et al. identify endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contact sites as the intracellular location where phospholipid peroxidation first occurs to promote ferroptosis. Manipulating these contact sites dictates ferroptosis sensitivity in breast cancer.

Sustained exogenous Notch2 signaling prompts Follicular B cells to trans-differentiate into Marginal Zone B cells. This study reveals that under physiological conditions, Notch2 signalling regulates a fate choice in antigen activated Follicular B cells, dictating whether they develop into Germinal Center B cells or Marginal Zone B cells.

The human smell that attracts mosquitoes includes many chemical odorants. Here, authors used electrophysiology to probe neurons in the antennal lobe region of the tiny mosquito brain and found that they represent odorants using a combinatorial code.

Longitudinal profiling of the nasal and faecal microbiomes of 66 dairy farmers and 166 dairy cows over a year-long period shows that microbes acquired from cow microbiomes introduce clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes to farmer guts.

The growth plate cartilage supports long bone growth. Here the authors identify FoxA2+ long term stem cells in the growth plate that are stratified with short term PTHrP+ cells, participate in production of hyaline cartilage, expand in response to trauma, and whose ablation impairs cartilage regeneration.

The role of water in the kinetics of the self-assembly process of amphiphilic peptides still remains unknown. Sankaranarayanan et al. have shown through computational study that water has a dual nature when dictating the mechanism and dynamics of self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles.

Here, the authors characterize the microbiome and resistome in a longitudinal cohort of 159 international students visiting the Andean city of Cusco, Peru. They find that international travel associates with spread of antimicrobial resistance, and that travelers’ diarrhea increases a persons’ risk for acquiring antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, while a diverse, “healthy” microbiome can be protective against diarrhea.

An electrically tunable device that can work as an optical switch, an optical limiter with a tunable limiting threshold and a nonlinear optical isolator with a tunable operating range in the mid-infrared range is realized by combining a gold layer with subwavelength square slits and a layer of VO₂.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT). Here, cryo electron tomography provides insights into the morphology of the cells derived from patients with HD and mouse models of the disease.

Regulation of post translational modification of 53BP1 is critical for genome integrity and regulation of DNA damage response. Here the authors reveal a CDK5-PP4 phospho-signaling cascade that leads 53BP1 to sites of DNA damage.

Direct growth of large-area graphene on dielectric substrates is a promising route to wafer scale integration. Here the authors use a rapid thermal annealing process to grow graphene layers on four-inch diameter polycrystalline diamond, eliminating the need for transfer.

The authors investigate the burden and spatiotemporal dynamics of multidrug-resistant bacteria on intensive care unit surfaces from two hospitals in the US and Pakistan over a year. They find Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus faecium co-association, likely due to synergistic biofilm formation.

The role of pericytes in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurovascular coupling remains unclear. Using loss-of-function pericyte-deficient mice, the authors report that pericyte degeneration reduces CBF responses to neuronal stimuli and oxygen supply to the brain, leading to metabolic stress, neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

This study shows that APOE4, one of the largest genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, promotes advanced-stage vascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in old mice via activation of the cyclophilin A pathway in pericytes and independently of the presence of amyloid-β.

Markov, Ren, Senkow and colleagues report that in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alveolar T cell interferon responses targeting structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins characterized patients who recovered, whereas responses against nonstructural proteins and activation of NF-κB were associated with poor outcomes.

The tumor suppressor BRCA2 protects stalled DNA replication forks from unrestrained degradation; however the mechanism whereby unprotected stalled forks are preserved and restarted has remained elusive. Here the authors show that the WRN helicase promotes stalled fork recovery and limits fork hyper-degradation in the absence of BRCA2 protection.

Autophagy is essential to endothelial cell homeostasis. Here the authors show that lipophagy in LEC supports fatty acid oxidation to sustain a mitochondrial-Prox1 gene expression circuit and promote response of LEC to lymphangiogenic mediators.

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 oversees the folding of many proteins associated with cancer progression but existing small-molecule inhibitors of this pathway are not isoform-selective. Here, the authors rationally design an Hsp90 inhibitor that displays high selectivity for the Hsp90β isoform.

An analysis of bacterial community structure and antibiotic resistance gene content of interconnected human faecal and environmental samples from two low-income communities in Latin America was carried out using a combination of functional metagenomics, 16S sequencing and shotgun sequencing; resistomes across habitats are generally structured along ecological gradients, but key resistance genes can cross these boundaries, and the authors assessed the usefulness of excreta management protocols in the prevention of resistance gene dissemination.

Winkler et al. show that the glucose transporter GLUT1 in brain endothelium is necessary for the maintenance of proper brain capillary networks and blood-brain barrier integrity. The study also shows that loss of GLUT1 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease accelerates BBB breakdown, perfusion and metabolic stress resulting in behavioral deficits, elevated amyloid beta levels and neurodegeneration.

Zhao et al. report that brain vessels have a major role in clearing Alzheimer's disease–related toxin Aβ from brain and show that PICALM gene product and its variant associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease inactivate an Aβ clearance system in blood vessels, leading to Aβ brain accumulation and cognitive impairment.

Functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics in 18 different soils reveal that bacterial community composition is the primary determinant of soil antibiotic resistance gene content.

Macroautophagy is a key regulator of cellular integrity and viability, but how the process facilitates apoptosis has remained poorly defined. It has now become clear that autophagy degrades the Fap-1 protein phosphatase, a critical negative regulator of apoptotic cell death signalled by the TNF receptor family member, Fas.

Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar macrophages to cause release of T cell chemoattractants, thereby inducing local inflammatory cytokine release and further T cell activation, ultimately resulting in a positive feedback loop that drives alveolar inflammation.

X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations show that asymmetries in the ligand-shell thickness of self-assembled nanoparticle membranes at air/water interfaces affect the macroscopic properties of the membranes.

CCR3 is shown to play a role in age-related T cell infiltration into the brain in mice as well as age-related changes in cognition, highlighting its therapeutic potential for age-related diseases.