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While dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is known to metabolize the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the function of DDAH2 has remained controversial. Here, the authors present several lines of evidence that DDAH2 does not hydrolyze ADMA.

This paper characterizes the health impacts in the post-flood year in the United States. The researchers find elevated death risk from floods, primarily due to respiratory diseases, external causes, and specific circulatory diseases.

The cause of animal diversification in the Cambrian is unclear. Here, the authors use a biogeochemical model to argue that diel benthic oxygen fluctuations on expanding Cambrian shallow marine shelves promoted animal adaptive radiation.

Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses in previously exposed South African cohorts reveals that profile features associated with progression to active tuberculosis are affected by age and sex.

Incorporating functional information has shown promise for improving polygenic risk prediction of complex traits. Here, the authors describe polygenic prediction method LDpred-funct, and demonstrate its utility across 21 heritable traits in the UK Biobank.

Magnetotactic bacteria must assemble magnetosomes into a linear chain that orients the cell along magnetic fields, yet how spiral bacteria with highly curved surfaces accomplish this is unclear. Here, MamY is shown to assemble into linear structures that serve as a scaffold for magnetosomes in magnetotactic spirilla.

Water resources planning requires infrastructure development consider regional climatic uncertainties. Here the authors introduce a new dynamic planning framework that captures opportunities to learn about climate change over time. By applying it to reservoir planning in Kenya, they show the value of flexible approaches in responding to learning.

A new cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 13 American states demonstrates that a social media advertising campaign using videos of healthcare professionals to encourage users to stay at home over the holiday season was effective in reducing travel and subsequent spread of COVID-19.

Cell lines in which Nup96 is endogenously tagged with mEGFP, SNAP-tag, HaloTag or mMaple serve as versatile reference samples, enabling 3D resolution calibration, assessment of labeling efficiency and precise molecular counting.

Item-level similarity guides implicit feature identification learning and learning dynamically updates the existing item similarity representations. These results carry important implications for understanding how we access and build knowledge.

Gene dynamics of concurrent biological processes are unraveled by considering gene trajectories instead of cell trajectories.

A deep-learning model can accurately quantify circulating tumour DNA from the density distribution of cell-free DNA-fragment lengths in plasma from patients with cancer and from healthy individuals.

Only 7% of the 2245 estuaries, globally, that connect to the ocean only intermittently have been studied in past decades, with ecosystem services, climatic and human disturbances and management particularly neglected, according to a global meta-analysis of 271 published articles.

IL-27RA–IL-27 has a critical role in the immunity to EBV, and this defence is hijacked by Epstein–Barr virus to promote the expansion of infected transformed B cells

Engineered polyketide synthases (PKSs) have great potential as biocatalysts for the synthesis of chemically challenging molecules. Here the authors show a retrobiosynthesis approach to design and construct PKSs to produce a series of valerolactams for biopolymer production.

Measurements combined with post-processing of their outcomes can be used to prepare ordered quantum states. It has been shown that they can drive a Nishimori phase transition into a disordered state even in the presence of quantum errors.

Transancestral GWAS meta-analysis in 160,420 individuals identifies 139 loci associated with refractive error, including myopia. Newly identified genes implicate pathways involved in eye growth and light signaling cascades.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

In cancer many gene variants may contribute to disease etiology, but the impact of a given gene variant may have varied effect size. Here, the authors analyse summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from fourteen cancers, and show the utility of polygenic risk scores may vary depending on cancer type.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has affected the global economy, environment, and political order. Here, the authors show that it also coincided with a temporary decline in psychological well-being across Europe.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

BayesSpace increases the resolution of spatial transcriptomics by using neighborhood information.

Knitted fabrics are prized for their stretchability, breathability, and long-wearability in everyday life. This study combines experiments and simulations to present a micromechanical approach to understanding the origin of the anisotropic elasticity of four canonical patterns of knitted fabrics.

Biomarker analysis of the phase 4 R4RA trial identifies pretreatment synovial biopsy features selectively associated with response to rituximab or tocilizumab, and leads to the development of models that might predict treatment benefit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Sea level fall with the growth of the Antarctic Ice Sheet 34 million years ago, and the shift in nutrients and carbon from continental margins to the ocean, initially provided a negative feedback that slowed global cooling and ice sheet expansion.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Here, the authors use spot array illumination to enable mechanical-scan-free super-resolution microscopy with adjustable resolution and good effective field of view, demonstrating a platform for studying molecular interactions at the nanoscale.

Nitrogen-fixing trees are favoured by herbivorous animals relative to non-fixing trees, increasing their carbon opportunity cost and potentially constraining global nitrogen fixation.

An integrated analysis of over 100 single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies illustrates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry gene coexpression patterns across different human tissues, and shows association of age, smoking status and sex with viral entry gene expression in respiratory cell populations.

Synaptotagmin-3 is identified as the presynaptic high-affinity calcium sensor to rapidly replenish synaptic vesicles to maintain steady synaptic transmission.

Identifying the mutational landscape of tumours from cell-free DNA in the blood could help diagnostics in cancer. Here, the authors present ichorCNA, software that quantifies tumour content in cell free DNA, and they demonstrate that cell-free DNA whole-exome sequencing is concordant with metastatic tumour whole-exome sequencing.

Simultaneous profiling of RNA and chromatin accessibility in single nuclei isolated from human postnatal brain regions from infancy to late adulthood identifies key cellular regulators and nominates target genes and mechanisms for brain-related diseases and disorders.

Single-cell intracellular recordings have been used as the primary tool for estimating driving forces across inhibitory receptors within the nervous system. Here, the authors present ORCHID as an all-optical method to measure inhibitory receptor driving forces in targeted brain cell types.

It is unclear whether climate driven phenological shifts of tundra plants are consistent across the plant growing season. Here the authors analyse data from a network of field warming experiments in Arctic and alpine tundra, finding that warming differentially affects the timing and duration of reproductive and vegetative phenology.

Protective immunity after influenza virus infection is poorly understood. Here, the authors quantify the dynamics of immunity against influenza A virus infections by fitting individual-level mechanistic models to longitudinal serology, and find that the form and dynamics of protection differ between children and adults.

We quantify mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy levels and study their association with nuclear genetic loci in population-scale biobanks.

Dengue is a major public health concern in the Americas, and the Caribbean can be a source for reintroduction and spread. Here, the authors use travel surveillance data and genomic epidemiology to reconstruct Dengue epidemic dynamics in the Caribbean from 2009-2022.

This study uses gene expression predictors for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other brain regions to perform a transcriptomic imputation analysis of schizophrenia, identifying 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions and 36 significantly enriched pathways.

Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors in plants that regulate key life cycle processes, yet their evolutionary origins are not well understood. Using transcriptomic and genomic data, Li et al.find that canonical plant phytochromes originated in a common ancestor of land plants and charophyte algae.

Condensates composed of RNA and proteins are biologically vital but generally poorly understood. Here, the authors engineer synthetic RNA-protein condensates and show that gel-like condensates form as a result of liquid-gel phase separation in a specific and selective fashion.

Multi-modal analysis of genomically unstable ovarian tumours characterizes the contribution of anatomical sites and mutational processes to evolutionary phenotypic divergence and immune resistance mechanisms.

In membranous nephropathy autoantibodies target podocytes of the kidney filter resulting in injury. Here the authors show that the ensuing proteostatic disturbances and proteinuria relate to aberrant interactions of non-functional UCH-L1 enzyme with the proteasome, curtailing its capacity.

The median eminence (ME) at the base of the brain controls body homeostasis. Here, the authors describe a functional tanycyte subpopulation at the ME which tastes the surrounding milieu, responds to metabolic signals and regulates glucose homeostasis.

Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the authors carry out a large meta-analysis of genetic data from individuals of European and Asian ancestry and identify 10 new loci associated with vertical cup-disc ratio, a key factor in the clinical assessment of patients with glaucoma.

Metastasis arises from disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) while the underlying mechanism of DTCs plasticity remains underexplored. Here, the authors show that spatially organized oncogenic enhancers on chromatin sustain the establishment of retinoic acid (RA)-stimulated transcriptional memory through activation of SOX9, supporting the escape of quiescent DTCs from NK-mediated immune surveillance.