Search

Li, Burgos-Bravo and colleagues report that NDF phase separation regulates FACT condensation, which enhances transcription by generating a localized biochemical environment that promotes nucleosome disassembly while preserving chromatin integrity by retaining histones.

Membraneless organelles formed by liquid–liquid phase separation regulate cellular processes. Here Bai et al. show that mitochondria-associated translation organelles (MATOs) consisting of RNA-binding proteins and translation machinery mediate localized synthesis of mitochondrial proteins to promote mitochondrial health and extend lifespan in worms.

The unique structure and mechanism of chanoclavine synthase (EasC), a haem catalase that uses superoxide for substrate transformation in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, are revealed in this study, challenging established catalase mechanisms.

How nuclear bodies respond to cellular stress is poorly understood. Here, the authors report that the NOSR-1 transcription factor is needed for formation of a distinct subnuclear organelle upon nucleolar stress in C. elegans and induction of downstream stress responsive transcription.

Huang et al. analyze matched adults with obesity receiving Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Phentermine/Topiramate, Naltrexone/Bupropion, or Phentermine monotherapy. Iirzepatide mirrors semaglutide for ocular safety, while both drugs link to fewer cataracts, oculomotor dysfunction, and visual issues than phentermine or naltrexone/bupropion.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Cells undergoing ferroptosis secrete Galectin-13, which binds to CD44 and inhibits the plasma membrane localization of SLC7A11 in neighboring cells, thereby accelerating neighboring cell death and promoting ferroptosis propagation.

Yeh et al. find that PSPC1 is upregulated in cancer and interacts with Smad2/3 to induce TGF-β1. This leads to increased autocrine TGF-β1 signalling and a switch to pro-metastatic TGF-β1-dependent gene expression.

Stress granules are non-membranous organelles connected to stress responses and age-related disease. Here, the authors identify a conserved yeast protein, Lsm7, that facilitates stress granule formation through dynamic liquid-liquid phase separation condensates upon 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced stress.

A circular RNA aptamer shows therapeutic efficacy in vivo in a psoriasis model.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.

The haplotype-resolved genome of tetraploid modern rose, along with a variation map of 233 wild and cultivated Rosa accessions, reveals the complex genome composition of modern roses and elucidates the genomic bases of their origin and breeding.

It is challenging to design photosensitizers (PS) with high quantum yields generating singlet oxygen due to severe aggregation between the hydrophobic PSs. Here they develop organoplatinum(II) metallatocage-based PS to overcome these challenges and show excellent antitumor effect.

Dipterocarp trees are iconic but severely threatened species in Asian rainforests. This study assembles high-quality genomes of seven dipterocarp species to reveal the molecular basis of key adaptations and identifies a recent sharp population decline coinciding with local human activity.

CASTOR1 is an arginine sensor that inhibits mTORC1 activation, for which this pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers. Here the authors show that AKT and E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF167 mediate CASTOR1 phosphorylation and degradation to activate mTORC1 and promote tumorigenesis.

Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus are involved in the absorption of fat in the intestine, and the natural compound puerarin shows utility in modulating this brain–gut axis to reduce fat absorption.

Interorgan communications play key roles in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism. Here, the authors report the myokine Musclin as a negative regulator of beige adipose thermogenesis and systemic energy homeostasis through Tfr1/PKA signalling mediated muscle fat crosstalk.

The precise spatiotemporal control of chemokine exposure would be an advantageous tool for immune cell research. Here, Chen et al. develop a two-photon-activatable chemokine CCL5 and use it to direct lymphocyte migration in vivo and to show that PI3-kinase is not required to sense a gradient in vitro.

Lu et al. report that biomolecular condensation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 is regulated by HSPB1 to maintain its droplets in liquid and not gel/solid structures and that HSPB1 is decreased in spinal motor neurons with TDP-43 pathology in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

While multi-carbon (C₂₊) products present high-value species attainable from emitted carbon dioxide, it is challenging to prepare stable, C₂₊ selective catalysts. Here, authors support copper on copper nitride to improve copper’s electrocatalytic stability and selectivity toward C₂₊ synthesis.

Tryptophan plays important biological roles in aromatic cages, such as methyllysine recognition, but the development of site-selective crosslinking to tryptophan is challenging. Now sulfonium can be used as a methyllysine mimic that binds to reader proteins and crosslinks tryptophan inside a pocket through single-electron transfer. This strategy enables the identification of methyllysine readers from the proteome.

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis is a severe autoimmune disease with largely unknown aetiology. Here authors identify the key immune cell types that contribute to the disease phenotype and implicate type I interferons signalling in the patho-mechanism.

Our combined large-scale neuroimaging and brain transcriptome study demonstrates genetic substrates underlying cortical functional abnormalities in depression, suggesting transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to depression.

The authors expand the dimension of non-Abelian Thouless pump from 1D to 2D and realize it using laser written photonic waveguide arrays, which serve as a promising platform for probing non-Abelian physics in high-dimensional topological systems.

The preparation of chiral monolayer-protected metal clusters is interesting for their potential applications in a variety of fields, including catalysis. Here, the authors synthesize chiral Ag₁₄ nanoclusters in an all-achiral environment, and decipher the origin of chirality at the molecular level; the solvent choice is key to achieve homochiral crystallization.

Polar spirals induced in a relaxor ferroelectric can be quasi-continuously rotated by applying electric/mechanical fields, due to an asymmetric Coulomb interaction. The rotations are non-volatile with robust retention, and can be optically read out.

While SARS-CoV-2 S protein targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are well studied, little is known about N protein-targeting mAbs. Here, Kang et al. provide the crystal structure of the N protein RNA binding domain with a mAb derived from a convalescent patient and show that it compromises the N protein-induced complement hyperactivation.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

A common failure of many cancer treatments is attributed to the resistance imparted by tumour hypoxia. Here, the authors report on the generic synthesis of small-sized hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles which are designed for oxygen-independent X-ray-activated synergistic therapy.

The receptor-interacting protein (RIPK1) promotes cell death and contributes to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis. Here the authors report that a SUMO-specific protease, SENP1, deSUMOylates RIPK1 and inhibits cell death in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

E3 ligases that attach ubiquitin to proteins destined for proteasomal degradation are regulated by neddylation. In this study, Xie et al. show that the HECT ligase Smurf1, which is a ubiquitin ligase, is also neddylated, and this post-translational modification enhances its ligase activity.

S-methyl methionine (SMM) is a key molecule in production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an important marine anti-stress compound, with roles in global nutrient cycling. Here, the authors determine the mechanism of SMM synthesis and uncover unexpected roles for SMM in archaea, CPR bacteria and animals.

Interferons are critical soluble components of the inflammatory process and are composed of three types with associated receptor complexes. Here the authors identify and characterise the type IV interferon, IFN-υ, and identify its associated receptors, denote functionality during in vivo infection and ascertain its genomic localisation.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.