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Here, Zhang et al. demonstrate that the microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid stimulates production of β-hydroxybutyrate in intestinal cells, in turn activating regenerative stem cells to promote mucosal healing in colitis.

An integrated photonics scheme is presented for the manufacture of communication systems supporting the use of fibre and wireless infrastructures simultaneously, addressing the long-standing bandwidth mismatch between the two domains and demonstrating ultrahigh data rates.

This study reveals how tomato plants recruit specific bacteria to combat Fusarium wilt. A key bacterium is identified to thrive on root-derived compounds and suppress the fungal pathogen, offering insights into plant-microbe defense alliances.

Dysregulation in proteolysis contributes to brain tumorigenesis. Here the authors report that USP10 deubiquitinase is enriched in glioma stem cells (GSCs), which antagonizes DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination of SATB2, a major driver of GSC proliferation and self-renewal.

Gut microbiota influence bone health, but the genetic and metabolic mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that specific bifidobacterial taxa causally reduce bone mineral density, partly via n-3 fatty acid metabolism, highlighting host-microbe interactions with potential therapeutic implications.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Here the authors identify RNA G-quadruplexes as temperature-sensitive regulators of alternative splicing and gene expression, opening potential therapeutic avenues such as neuroprotection with potassium channel blockers.

A wearable human–machine interface combines inertial and electromyography sensors with deep learning to robustly extract gesture signals and enable real-time robotic control under diverse motion artefacts in dynamic environments.

UDA-seq incorporates a post-indexing step to enhance the throughput of droplet-based single-cell multimodal sequencing, enabling efficient large-scale single-cell analysis.

The electro-oxidative synthesis of valued chemicals offers to enhance the overall efficiency and economic viability of renewable electrosynthesis systems. Here, the authors use dopant-tuned catalysts to promote the electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO and methanol via oxidative carbonylation.

The production of higher alcohols is very valuable because of their high volumetric energy density. Now, Sargent, Sinton and co-workers report the design of copper nanoparticles with tailored nanocavities that promote n-propanol formation by the coupling of C2 and C1 intermediates inside the cavity.

The oxygen evolution reaction enables many clean energy technologies, but most acid-unstable catalysts still block deployment. Here the authors report a temperature dependent mechanistic evolution in RhRu3Ox that links reaction pathways to stability, enabling durable acidic water electrolysis.

A nonantibiotic-dependent therapy capable of destroying the biofilm is desired for the treatment of drug-resistant fungal infections but underdeveloped. Here, the authors engineer semiconductor coated upconversion nanohybrids for the synergistic actions of ultrasound and near-infrared light that promote drug penetration and reactive oxygen species-mediated disruption of Candida albicans biofilms.

The synthesis of atom-thin amorphous films remains challenging as their thermodynamically favourable grains are neither two dimensional nor layered. Here a droplet-driven nanoribbon-to-film growth strategy is reported to achieve amorphous metal chalcogenides at the single-layer limit.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Translation elongation entails a one-codon movement of the mRNA–tRNA complex along the mRNA and is catalyzed by the forward translocase EF-G. The structurally related back-translocase EF4 catalyzes movement in the opposite direction when the ribosome stalls, but its physiological role in mammals had been unknown. Genetic ablation of EF4 in mice is now found to cause testis-specific mitochondrial deficiency and impaired spermatogenesis.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

The role of human glioma IDH1 mutations in regulation of antiviral response is unclear. Here, the authors show that D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 inhibits IFN antiviral responses in glioma cells, which confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.

By utilizing an AI-accelerated silicon photonic slow-light technology, researchers demonstrate a record 400 Gbps/λ PAM-4 transmission based on pure silicon modulators, paving the way for next-generation optical interconnects in computing centers.

The plant commensal Bacillus velezensis SQR9 uses its type VII secretion system to deliver effector protein YukE to plant roots, which causes iron leakage and promotes its colonization on roots.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive metastatic disease characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here the authors show that a subset of P2RX1-negative neutrophils with immunosuppressive properties accumulate in PDAC metastatic liver tissues and promote tumor growth.

Integrating human mobility and activity data with ground-level measurements and air quality models, Shen et al. find that despite a reduction in outdoor PM_2.5 during the COVID-19 quarantine in China, overall population exposure to PM_2.5 increased.

The transcription factor IRF8 has been shown to regulate monocyte differentiation via its DNA-binding activity. Here authors show that IRF8 is also involved in cytosolic DNA sensing via its phosphorylation-dependent association to the adaptor protein STING, thus representing an important checkpoint between immune response and autoimmunity in monocytes.

Orthogonal acute inducible degradation cell lines are used to delineate the mechanisms of how extrusive cohesin, cohesive cohesin and condensin interact to remodel chromosome architecture from interphase to mitosis.

Here, Li et al. develop a human liver organoid model to elucidate Dengue virus infection dynamics and identify oxyresveratrol as a potential antiviral candidate, highlighting the NRF2 pathway’s crucial role in mitigating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cellular resistance.

Inflammatory immune cells are found in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here the authors use scRNA sequencing of synovial fluid cells from RA patients before and after treatment with adalimumab/tofacitinib and find changes in inflammatory SPP1+ macrophages and explore the function of these cells in mouse models.

Li and colleagues report that a septo-enteric polysynaptic circuit that is activated by chronic stress links the brain to the tumor microenvironment to promote colorectal cancer growth.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor small-molecule inhibitor fruquintinib plus chemotherapy significantly extended progression-free survival, but not overall survival, as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers.

Strain engineering is promising for improving catalytic capability of biocatalysts, but it is challenging to modify the atomic-scale strain for specific enzyme-like reactions. Here, the authors report the biocatalysts with atomically-resolved Pt clusters laminated on PdAu nanocrystals and show that the tensile strains contribute to the enzyme-like activities greater than that of natural enzymes.

The NAD⁺ synthesis enzyme NAMPT is shown to possess additional enzymatic activity as a phosphoribosylase, which restricts the virion incorporation of viral proteins and underpins its antiviral effect

Natural materials with highly oriented and heterogeneous structures often have favorable materials properties, but such structures are challenging to replicate in artificial materials. Here, the authors report the development of hierarchically aligned heterogeneous hydrogels with toughness and strength.

Influenza vaccines are updated frequently to accommodate changing influenza antigenicity. Here, the authors develop a new computational method for predicting the antigenicity of H3N2 influenza strains based on the HA sequence.