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Siyu Chen, Zheli Liu and colleagues propose a holistic co-design optical communication scheme based on the self-homodyne coherent structure, anti-resonant hollow core fibre, and Fermat number transform. This scheme provides a promising path for the realization of high-speed data centre optical interconnect with low power consumption and low latency.

The coupling of acetonitrile into succinonitrile via a dehydrogenative route is highly attractive in terms of valuable chemical synthesis and green hydrogen energy production. Here, the authors report succinonitrile synthesis with high selectivity and rate via a light driven dehydrogenative coupling reaction of CH₃CN over the anatase TiO₂ supported Pt catalyst.

Molybdenum disulfide vertical transistors with channel lengths down to one atomic layer can be made with metal electrodes using a mechanical van der Waals transfer process that leads to a high-quality metal–semiconductor interface.

Breast cancer cells interact with cancer-associated adipocytes in the microenvironment. Here, the authors report that the cross-talk between these two cell types is dependent on Zeb1, which remodels the tumor-associated adipose microenvironment to confer breast cancer progression.

A method for acetylome profiling requiring a low quantity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed, revealing a significant reduction in H4K77ac in aged HSCs, associated with decreased lymphocyte differentiation potential.

Reusable and degradable thermoset polymers are prepared by dynamic covalent chemistry, but the dynamic bonds rarely provide additional functions to the materials. Here, the authors show a reversible aza-Michael addition reaction between functional heterocycle dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione and electron-deficient olefins providing polymer structures with different functions.

The authors show that abnormal elevation of osteocyte-derived sclerostin deregulates Wnt–β-catenin signalling in the brain and aggravates cognitive impairment under pathological conditions.

The gut microbiota bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus is implicated in the development of cirrhotic liver encephalopathy through the production of neurotoxins.

The functional-metabolic state of macrophages fundamentally influences the tumour microenvironment, making adoptive cell therapy with pro-inflammatory macrophages an attractive anti-tumour approach. Here authors introduce pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophage that are depleted of ACOD1, an essential gene in itaconate metabolism, which reprograms them to a pro-inflammatory state enabling enhanced anti-tumour function.

Invariant cell lineage in C. elegans enables the analysis of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling the fate of each cell at spatiotemporal resolution. Here, the authors develop a tool automating C. elegans cell identification and create an expression atlas of 620 transcription factors.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to make chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages for immunotherapy. Here the authors design a second-generation macrophage-specific CAR by integrating CD3ζ and toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains resulting in an M1-polarized CAR-iMAC with increased antitumor functions.

In this study, the authors report a potent neutralizing antibody targeting a conserved epitope within RSV pre-F that shows higher antiviral activity against both RSV-A and -B subgroups in vitro and in small animal models than FDA-approved prophylactic agents.

Ji et al. report that under basal conditions the SEL1L–HRD1 complex for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation ubiquitinates and negatively regulates STING protein levels in the endoplasmic reticulum, hence its activation.

Exercise could affect the immune system, but whether early-life exercise could benefit immune health in adulthood is not fully understood. Here the authors show that early-life exercise promotes epi-metabolic changes in the liver to potentially benefit immunity in older age and characterise the involvement of pipecolic acid in this process.

IgG4-related disease is a fibro-inflammatory disorder, characterized by infiltration of IgG4 producing plasma cells in the target organs. Here authors show that the affected B cells express less ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25), and this results in activation of multiple pathways involved in cytoskeleton reorganization, inflammation and energy metabolism, which might govern disease pathogenesis.

Zhang et al. report that Medicago AR2/ERF transcription regulators WRI5a-ERM1-ERF12 form a transcriptional negative feedback loop to coordinate arbuscular lipid supply, enabling the maintenance of a stable, reciprocally beneficial symbiosis.

The working temperature of boron-based catalysts reduces their thermodynamic advantages in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). Here the authors demonstrate encapsulated Ni nanoparticles as effective subsurface promoters to enhance the low temperature activity and selectivity of the boron oxide overlayer in ODHP.

Using a multi-omics approach, Wang et al. explored sex-specific and region-specific patterns of intestinal aging in non-human primates, identifying regulators with conserved functions in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal aging, in colitis in mice and in patient colorectal cancer samples.

Conjugated polymeric molecules are promising electrode materials for batteries. Here the authors show a two-dimensional few-layered covalent organic framework that delivers a large reversible capacity of more than 1500 mAh g⁻¹ with the storage mechanism governed by 14-electron redox chemistry.

This study reveals that short-term acute heat stress causes vacuolation of the Golgi apparatus, whereafter autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) translocates to the cisternal membrane and recruits CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN 2 (CLC2) to facilitate Golgi reconstruction by promoting the budding of ATG8-positive vesicles.

This paper shows that desertification combating practices decline incomes of farmers and herders, and China needs to adapt its ecological programmes to address the impacts of climate change and create positive synergies to combat desertification.

.Sensitive detection of weak acoustic signals at nanometer scale is challenging. Here, the authors present an acoustic detection system based on a single molecule as a probe, where frequency and amplitude of acoustic vibrations can be extracted from its minute variations in distance to the surface of a plasmonic gold nanorod.

Mitochondria dysfunction contributes to acute liver injuries. Zhang et al. find that Zhx2 deletion enhances mitochondrial function by promoting electron transport chain gene expression via PGC-1α dependent and independent manner.

Regulatory T cells are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance, yet the mechanisms regulating their stability and function remain to be fully elucidated. Here the authors show SENP3 maintains Treg cell stability and function via BACH2 deSUMOylation.

CombiSEAL is a high-throughput platform for seamlessly assembling barcoded combinatorial genetic units, offering an approach for protein optimization such as screening SpCas9 variants.

Top-down control is important for sensory processing. In this study, the authors used virus-assisted circuit mapping to identify the brain networks for top-down modulation of multiple sensory modalities and the subnetworks within the visual network, thus providing an anatomical foundation for understanding the brain mechanisms underlying top-down control of behavior.

The distribution of high seismic velocities near fracking formations coupled with the stress state controls behaviour of moderate to strong induced earthquakes, according to analyses of seismic and remote sensing data in the Changning-Zhaotong shale gas field, China.