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Researchers realize watt-class frequency modulation using compact coherent optical transmitters based on frequency-modulated photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers. The system has implications for long-distance free-space optical communications.

In marine bacteria, carotenoids enhance rhodopsin function by acting as light-harvesting antennae and photocycle-accelerating pigments, a dual mechanism that enhances light energy capture and expands the known strategies of microbial phototrophy.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Generation and control of short pulse is desired for ultrafast applications. Here the authors demonstrate ultrafast pulse generation using self-evolving photonic crystal that can transition from high loss to low loss state based on dynamic dispersion compensation.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

Emulating the concept of natural photosynthesis has long been a focus of chemists in an effort to harness solar light as an energy source using water as an electron donor and a source material. Here, the authors present an artificial photosynthetic system that can functionalize styrenes via C–H activation and water splitting.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Light-driven proton-pumping rhodopsins are widely distributed in microorganisms and convert sunlight energy into proton gradients. Inoue et al. report the discovery of a light-driven sodium ion pump from marine bacteria.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

BRD9 is a core non-canonical BAF component. Here the authors show that BRD9 plays a pivotal role in regulating the disease-related cell fate of hematopoietic stem cells. Its loss promotes myeloid skewing while impairing B cell development by altering CTCF-mediated chromatin states.

This research establishes a theoretical link between far-field polarization geometry and band topology in non-Hermitian systems, enabling Berry curvature observation through polarimetry. Experimental results from a honeycomb photonic crystal slab confirm the method’s effectiveness in determining valley Chern numbers.

Here, the authors analytically derive the general conditions for 100-W-to-1-kW-class single-mode operation in ultra-large-area (3~10 mm) photonic crystal lasers. Such high power single-mode semiconductor lasers will bring innovation to a wide variety of fields.

Somatic mutations in ASXL1 lead to clonal hematopoiesis, and Sato et al. elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which mutated ASXL1 in hematopoietic cells drives atherosclerosis in mice.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

By using engineered gain and loss sections in a photonic crystal laser, pulses with a peak power of ~20 W and pulse width of ~35 ps have been experimentally demonstrated and even higher peak power operation (>300 W) has been theoretically predicted.

We developed large-scale photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with controlled Hermitian and non-Hermitian couplings inside the photonic crystal and a pre-installed spatial distribution of the lattice constant, which leads to the realization of a continuous-wave brightness of 1 GW cm⁻² sr⁻¹.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Light energy transfer from abundant hydroxylated carotenoids to the retinal moiety of widespread light-driven proton pumps is detected.

By constructing a thermal emission control device based on a multiple-quantum-well layer embedded in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, researchers demonstrate that they can convert a broadband thermal emission spectrum into a narrowband spectrum with minimal loss of energy.

The dynamic control of thermal emission via the control of emissivity through intersubband absorption in n-type quantum wells, at a speed four orders of magnitude faster than is currently possible, is now demonstrated.

Loss of function of the minor spliceosome component ZRSR2 enhances hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal through minor intron retention of its target LZTR1, which is a regulator of RAS-related GTPases. Minor intron retention of LZTR1 was also identified in Noonan syndrome and diverse solid tumor types.

Trypanosoma brucei guanosine 5′-monophosphate reductase (TbGMPR) catalyses the conversion of GMP to inosine 5′-monophosphate and contains a cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain. Here the authors combine X-ray crystallography and kinetic measurements and present the GMP-, GTP-bound and nucleotide-free TbGMPR structures and show that guanine and adenine nucleotides are allosteric regulators of TbGMPR that bind to the CBS domain.

Short-wavelength lasers based on wide-bandgap GaN photonic crystals are promising for high-brightness illumination and materials processing. Here, the authors develop a nano-fabrication method for GaN/air photonic crystals, achieving high lasing operation performance in terms of output power, beam quality, and low threshold current.

ASXL1 mutations are frequently found in age-related clonal haemaotopoiesis (CH), but how they drive CH is unclear. Here the authors show that expression of C-terminal truncated ASXL1 in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to Akt de-ubiquitination, activated Akt/mTOR signaling, and aberrant HSC proliferation.