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The transformations for aragonite precursors in coral are not fully understood but have implications in bio, biogenic and geological mineralization. Here, the authors use high-resolution mapping and observe exponential decay from the edge of four precursors to coral aragonite skeleton in Stylophora pistillata.

Amari et al. developed a condensate-based approach, named ControLD, for reversible trapping and release of lipid droplets inside living cells, temporarily halting their functions, enabling detailed study of lipid droplet biology and their interactions with other cellular structures.

ALMA has captured exquisitely detailed images of bowshock shells in the outflow of an outbursting protostar. These provide important insights into the variable nature of the ejections from protostars, which play a key role in star and planet formation.

S protein interacts with and activates PBP1a during cell division, as part of a larger GpsB-associated multiprotein complex that coordinates peptidoglycan remodelling in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

Targeting of diseased cells is key to the development of next-generation pharmaceuticals, but is often hindered by a lack of specific cell surface markers. Here the authors develop an RNA-based approach, which allows precise control of gene expression, with translation only occurring within preselected cell types of interest.

Affinity-selection platforms are powerful tools in early drug discovery, but current technologies such as DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) are limited by synthesis complexity and incompatibility with nucleic acid binding targets. Here, the authors present a barcode-free self-encoded library (SEL) platform that enables direct screening of over half a million small molecules in a single experiment.

Batteries equipped with sensors are promising to optimize usage and lifetime. Here, the authors show that an internal optical fiber induces delayed graphite reaction kinetics and conclude that a bulky intrusive sensor might measure a local disrupted behavior rather than the true battery state.

Studying cilia in human neural development is key to understanding ciliopathies. Here, using stem cell-derived human and mouse spinal organoids, the authors reveal inter-species differences for ciliopathy genes and a role for cilia in human axial patterning.

Here the authors report single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of young and aged male fibrotic mouse lungs. Age-related alterations in capillary sub-populations are associated with a proangiogenic phenotype linked to regeneration of the alveolar niche.

In this phase 1 trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors were treated with the individualized mRNA neoantigen-specific immunotherapy (iNeST) autogene cevumeran alone or in combination with the anti-PD-L1 agent atezolizumab, showing long-lasting neoantigen-specific immune responses and preliminary clinical activity, supporting further development of this therapeutic approach.

Targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) alone has shown limited success in solid tumours. Here, authors report that the HDAC1/2 inhibitor romidepsin confers responsiveness to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with enhanced therapeutic effects in models of hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to tumour regression and an immune-stimulatory profile.

Blood microcirculation supplies neurons with oxygen and nutrients, and contributes to clearing their neurotoxic waste. Here, the authors analyse blood flow simulations to establish the physical laws linking the microvascular architecture to the macroscopic transport properties that control oxygen supply and waste clearance.

Two-dimensional crystals of hexagonal boron nitride become fluorescent when immersed in common solvents. Now, this phenomenon is used in the design of in-liquid sensors operating at the nanometre scale.

By constructing an evolutionary trajectory of the cyclostome-gnathostome Pou5 gene family and comparing the structural and phenotypic protein variations, the authors uncover the origin of functional characteristics for the pluripotency factor Oct4.

A simulation study integrates existing artificial selection methods to develop a ‘top-down’ approach to engineering complex, stable microbial communities based on iterated randomization and selection of community structure and function.

Based on a proteogenomic analysis, Perreault and colleagues report that the majority of predicted tumor antigens originate from unmutated genomic sequences in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

In a large multicentric study of patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy, the relative abundance of intestinal Akkermansia spp. was shown to associate with changes in the gut microbiome ecosystem and clinical outcomes.

JWST observations of outflows from four young stars reveal in each case a molecular wind with a central cavity surrounding a fast jet. These results point to disk winds driving accretion, with implications for planet formation and evolution.

Paul Pharoah and colleagues report the results of a large genome-wide association study of ovarian cancer. They identify new susceptibility loci for different epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes and use integrated analyses of genes and regulatory features at each locus to predict candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1.

Zinc finger protein transcription factors are developed for the selective silencing of the mutant huntingtin gene in human neurons in vitro and multiple animal models of Huntington’s disease in vivo while preserving expression of the wild-type allele.

Bacterial symbionts of animals may contain antibiotics that are particularly suitable for development into therapeutics; one such compound, darobactin, is active against important Gram-negative pathogens both in vitro and in animal models of infection.

Interleukin-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of medical importance. Here the authors describe the discovery of a low-molecular weight compound that antagonizes hIL-1β function in cells, demonstrating the relevance of this discovery for future development of hIL-1β directed therapeutics.

Binding-activated optical sensors are powerful tools, but their development can be slow and laborious. Here, authors introduce a platform to expedite biosensor discovery and evolution using genetically encodable fluorogenic amino acids.

Using a gas–solid mixture approach, researchers used a transparent, scintillating nanoporous material for real-time detection of ⁸⁵Kr and ³H, two pure beta emitters. They also simultaneously measure a mixture of them. The broadly applicable approach may be useful for nuclear industry and environmental safeguarding.

Bonnavion, Varin and colleagues show that striatal projection neurons that coexpress dopamine D1 and D2 receptors have unique physiological properties and serve as a crucial third output in the striatum for motor control and dopaminergic signal integration.

Changes in the DNA methylation status are commonly observed in cancer but their impact on cancer development is unclear. Here, combining DNA methylation and expression profiles from a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma with those from human samples, the authors report an epigenetic reprogramming process ensuring increased dosage of an “oncogene module”.

Currently, there is an urgent need to evaluate the strengths and limitations of various probe-based full transcriptome methods for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Here, the authors analyze three commonly used methods and highlight relative advantages and disadvantages of each method in the context of operational challenges, bioinformatic analyses and biological discoveries.

Polymerase delta is required for multiple steps in polymerase theta-dependent repair of chromosome breaks, a pathway targeted in cancer therapy.

The fish Astyanax mexicanus has divergent cave and river-dwelling eco-morphotypes. Here, Hyacinthe et al. show that cave and river fish communicate sonically, but that the sounds produced and the responses elicited in the two morphs depend differently on the social and behavioral context.

In this Perspective, Estrela and Huang discuss nutrient starvation in the context of the gut microbiome, outlining what is known and highlighting key questions for future research to address knowledge gaps.

Classification and risk-stratification for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) at diagnosis are primarily based on cytogenetics and only a few gene mutations. Here, the authors study the genomic landscape of 3653 AML patients and characterize 16 non-overlapping molecular subgroups of clinical relevance for disease classification and risk prognostication.

An integrated analysis of over 100 single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies illustrates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry gene coexpression patterns across different human tissues, and shows association of age, smoking status and sex with viral entry gene expression in respiratory cell populations.

The modelling of the SARS-CoV-2 spatial organization within a cell-like volume combined with physical virus/host contacts profiling brings a realistic spatial representation of SARS-CoV-2/human interactome.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is primarily transmitted between mosquitoes and birds but can also infect pigs. Here the authors demonstrate that JEV, which was thought to be spread exclusively by mosquitoes, can be transmitted between pigs through a direct contact.

The 53BP1 effector complex shieldin is involved in non-homologous end-joining and immunoglobulin class switching, and acts to protect DNA ends to facilitate the repair of DNA by 53BP1.

Georgia Chenevix-Trench and colleagues report meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identifying six loci newly associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). They also test variants at the 12 known and 6 new EOC susceptibility loci for association in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Mid-infrared observations of the dusty structures of the galaxy NGC 1068 support the unified model of active galactic nuclei.

Multiregion spatial histology, exome and transcriptome data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer suggest that cancer subclones from immune cold regions diversify later than subclones from immune hot regions

Astronomical research facilities, such as space telescopes, space probes or ground-based observatories, are the largest contributor to an astronomer’s carbon footprint, well beyond other activities such as flying to conferences or running computer simulations.

Community-developed checklists offer best-practice guidance for biologists preparing light microscopy images and describing image analyses for publications.