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Membrane proteins are central to many biological processes, but it is difficult to measure their interactions with other objects. Sensors based on arrays of resonating microcantilevers have now performed label-free and time-resolved measurements of the interactions between a protein receptor and a bacterial virus under physiological conditions.

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior has been observed within 1D defects in transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, using complementary experiments and engineered defects, the authors demonstrate the importance of graphene as a substrate and its role in the formation of this quasiparticle excitation in 2D WS₂.

Continuous-flow biocatalysis with immobilized enzymes is a sustainable route for chemical synthesis, but inadequate biocatalytic efficiency caused by non-productive enzyme immobilization or enzyme-carrier mismatches presents a challenge for its application. Here, the authors report an approach for the fabrication of a high-performance enzymatic continuous-flow reactor via integrating scalable isoporous block copolymer membranes as carriers with an oriented one-step enzyme immobilization via a genetically fused material binding peptide.

Using an accurate genomic biomarker signature as a means to identify hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp-p), authors perform a longitudinal cohort study to provide insight into the clinical and genomic characteristics of hvKp-p.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Pluripotent stem cells can become any cell in the body, and yet achieving this in the laboratory is a challenge. Popular methods include directing differentiation using protein factors or small molecules, and an emerging alternative is reprogramming somatic cells directly from one fate to another.

Here, the authors devise a method, combining the break junction technique with a suspended heat-flux sensor, to measure the total thermal and electrical conductance of a single molecule, at room temperature, together with its Seebeck coefficient.

Extant jawless vertebrates, such as lampreys and hagfishes, express variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are different from adaptive immune receptors in mammals. Here, the authors show that, in addition to the well-described five VLRs, a sixth VLR is expressed in lamprey T-like cells and evolved at least 250 million years ago.

Cytoskeletal breakdown is a hallmark of synapse elimination. Here, the authors show that a post-translational modification on microtubules encodes activity-dependent signals instructing neuronal remodeling in the central and peripheral nervous system.

May et al. propose machine learning algorithms that leverage QRS polarity direction and shifts to differentiate wide QRS complex tachycardias. Strong diagnostic accuracy is demonstrated, particularly when integrating features from both wide QRS tachycardia and baseline electrocardiograms.

Developing rapid and affordable HPV tests is imperative for effective cervical cancer screening in resource-limited regions. Here, the authors demonstrate an advanced HPV diagnostic system that integrates CRISPR technology with digital signal processing.

The composition and potential roles of extracellular vesicles released by gut archaea are poorly understood. Here, Weinberger et al. show that extracellular vesicles produced by human gut-derived methanogenic archaea are enriched in adhesin-like proteins, can be taken up by macrophages, and elicit responses in immune and epithelial cells.

Characterisation of optical frequency electric fields and its integration within ultrafast currents in nanostructures is a crucial step for the development of petahertz electronics devices. Here the authors demonstrate singleshot measurement of the phase of a laser pulse with on-chip arrays of hundreds of metallic nanoantennas.

The authors investigate spin-valley polarization in hybrid systems of Au nanoparticles and monolayer MoS₂ and observe a nearly complete quenching of the far-field circular polarization state of emission from MoS₂ at the position of the nanoparticle. This highlights the need to consider an ensemble, rather than just a single rotating dipole emitter, for precise predictions of polarization responses in these hybrid systems.

RNF114 is an E3 ligase that can recognize ADP-ribose (ADPr) and ubiquitin with separate domains. Using these domains, Kolvenbach and Palumbieri et al. developed a proteomics approach to map ADP-ribosyl-ubiquitylation sites, revealing that serine ADPr induced by DNA damage is a target for ubiquitylation.

The insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor) is found to bind to insulin and to regulate insulin stores by directing proinsulin and insulin towards lysosomal degradation.

DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) plays central roles in microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) DNA damage repair. Here, the authors determine a series of structures of Polθ helicase domain during the MMEJ, revealing key conformational changes for DNA binding, microhomology search, and annealing.

Optically generated acoustic phonons have enabled depth resolved microstructure characterization. Here, the authors extend this method to obtain information on the orientation of individual crystallites by studying influence of probe beam polarization on detected signal amplitude.

The mechanisms governing kidney nephrogenic capacity are incompletely understood. Here, the authors reveal that METTL3-dependent RNA transmethylation is both necessary and sufficient to promote nephron progenitor differentiation, and that targeting this pathway enhances murine nephron endowment.

Two broadly reactive and inhibitory human monoclonal antibodies against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have been characterized, providing insights into immunity, prevention and treatment of severe malaria.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive and incurable chronic condition that involves accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in the lung tissue. Authors here show in mouse models of lung disease that PRMT7, a protein arginine methyltransferase, is an important regulator of recruitment and the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.

Biochemical and structural studies of the human MCM replicative DNA helicase complex show differences from the yeast complex and provide insights into mechanisms of double hexamer assembly on sequence-independent replication origins.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells specific for an antigen, BCMA, have shown efficacy in controlling multiple myeloma in some patients, but responses vary. Here the authors show that, by over-expressing a granzyme B-NOXA fusion protein in anti-BCMA CAR T cells, cancer cells are rendered more susceptible to apoptosis induction and CAR T-mediated killing.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

The self-assembly of block copolymers to form micelles has been used in applications such as drug delivery and composite reinforcement. Here the authors explore the use of fibre-like micelles of controlled length in the active layer of field-effect transistor devices.

Most metabolic studies using traditional procedures fail to reveal the spatial patterning associated with metabolic flux and cellular metabolism within tissue microenvironments. Here, the authors show the application of multi-scale microscopy, machine learning-based image segmentation and spatial analysis to map the fate of nutrient-derived ¹³C across spatiotemporal scales.

Tumour evolution and heterogeneity in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors investigate the genomic landscape of HGSOC and reveal two distinct evolutionary trajectories associated with clinical outcomes.

A CRISPR knock-in strategy that uses endogenous gene regulatory mechanisms can engineer ‘armoured’ CAR T cells that secrete proinflammatory cytokines directly within a tumour without causing toxicity, leading to prolonged survival in mice.

A gold catalyst supported on intergrown titanosilicate zeolites enhances propene oxide production by activating oxygen-transfer intermediates more efficiently at Ti interface sites.

Researchers consider electromagnetic dissipation in metamaterials and plasmonic systems comprised of various materials. They predict that graphene and high-temperature superconductors may not be suitable for practical resonant metamaterial applications and are unlikely to outperform conventional metals in plasmonics. Transition metals, alkali metals and transparent conducting oxides are also discussed.

The authors uncover a coherent, long-range transport of excitons in organic semiconductors that are strongly coupled to spatially structured plasmon fields by tracing ultrafast Rabi oscillations using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

Although Black individuals have been shown to have lower natriuretic peptide concentrations compared to white individuals, the differences in the NP response to physiological perturbations in these two groups are unknown. Here, the authors conduct a physiological clinical trial among young, healthy, normotensive adults to show that white individuals may have a higher increase in NP concentrations compared to Black participants in response to physiological perturbations such as exercise.

Nanobodies are normally made from immunized camelids, Ig transgenic mice or synthetic libraries. In this study, the authors introduce the llama Ig heavy chain locus into mice lacking this locus, thereby generating a line in which nanobodies can be made by direct immunization in the absence of an endogenous antibody repertoire.

Subcellular mRNA localization is prevalent but with poorly understood physiological roles. Here, the authors show that Net1 mRNA targeting to the basement membrane controls epithelial tissue organization and keratinocyte-stromal connections.

Bilayer graphene is known to host states where interactions dominate the electronic behaviour. Now, transport measurements show that this is also true for trilayer graphene and give evidence for ferroelectric states and states with high Chern number.

Here, the authors present the results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial testing whether clindamycin and live Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) improve clinical pregnancy rates in IVF patients with abnormal vaginal microbiota, showing that successful treatment of vaginal dysbiosis was independent and not related to the reproductive success.