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Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

The chemoselective hydrogenation of molecules containing multiple reducible groups using molecular hydrogen presents inherent challenges. Here, the authors synthesize a homoleptic gold nanocluster that demonstrates exceptional catalytic selectivity, activity, and yield for the hydrogenation of 4-nitroacetophenone in water under mild conditions.

This study elucidates that d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid regulate apple fruit softening by repressing MdHb1 expression through the MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1 regulatory module, offering new insights into postharvest fruit quality control.

Conjugated microporous polymers are highly flexible materials that may be used for gas storage and catalysis applications. Here, the authors report metal-functionalized conjugated microporous polymers capable of both capturing CO₂and functioning as a heterogeneous catalyst in its conversion to propylene carbonate.

Placement of an m⁷G cap internally on circular RNAs promotes their translation in vivo.

Gestational diabetes milletus (GDM) may have impairments on offspring health. Here, the authors suggest that the increase of EZH2 is an important reason for the disrupted DNA methylome in oocytes exposed to GDM, which may be associated with the transgenerational inheritance of the metabolic disorders.

The molecular phenotypic features of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain elusive. Here, the authors perform mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling for 269 EOC patients and reveal molecularly distinct features and potential therapeutic targets among the histological subtypes of EOC.

The genomic organisation of the cattle genome has been assembled to a limited level of resolution. Here using long range nanopore sequencing the authors present a cattle genome assembly concentrating on characterising the immunogenomic loci, particularly T cell receptor (TR), immunoglobulin (IG) and MHC genes, from one animal.

The presence and/or biological functionality of circular RNAs in bacteria are unclear. Here, the authors identify a dual-conformation (linear and circular) noncoding RNA that promotes tolerance to oxidative stress in Bacillus altitutidinis, and provide evidence for the existence of other circular RNAs in diverse bacterial species.

TRiC functions at near full occupancy to fold newly synthesized proteins inside cells.

Xuejun Zhang and colleagues report a genome-wide association and replication studies for psoriasis, conducted in Chinese populations. They confirm previous associations in MHC and IL12B to psoriasis susceptibility, and report a new association within the LCE gene cluster at 1q21.

Dynamic assembly and disassembly of primary cilia is critical for tissue development and homeostasis. Here the authors identify lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a physiological extracellular factor that initiates cilia disassembly through both YAP/TAZ mediated transcription and calcium/calmodulin mediated activation of Aurora A.

Zhang et al. identify a nuclear role for the glycolytic enzyme TPI1 in connecting nutrient status and cell cycle status to global histone acetylation.

Aviner et al. show that translation and aggregation of Huntingtin (HTT) are regulated by a stress-responsive upstream open reading frame. Mutant HTT depletes translation elongation factor eIF5A, leading to ribosome pausing and collisions.

Understanding assembly processes of protein complexes is crucial. The authors have developed a method to deduce protein complex assembly paths in living cells, revealing that the altered assembly pathways of paralogous complexes enable neo-functionalization and mitigate cross-complex interference.

SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses are identified in Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica); these pangolin-associated coronaviruses belonged to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2.

The regulatory mechanism and function of astrocytic epigenetic effects on depression remain to be explored. Here, the authors show astrocytic ALKBH5 contributes to depressive-like behaviors via the m6A RNA methylation of GLT-1.

Discovering the governing laws of dynamics from data, relevant to biology and social science, remains challenging for systems exhibiting stochasticity. The authors propose an approach to infer the stochastic differential equations of complex systems from experimental data.

Wang et al. discovered that AP2XI-2 and AP2XII-1 negatively regulate merozoite-primed pre-sexual commitment in Toxoplasma gondii, and parasites depleted of either AP2XI-2 or AP2XII-1 can serve as a valuable in vitro model for studying merogony.

Berberine has lipid-lowering effects and other metabolic benefits, but it presents with poor bioavailability. Here the authors conjugate berberine to liver-targeting nanoparticles, and show increased accumulation of berberine in the liver, improved metabolic profiles and reduced atherosclerotic plaques in mice.

Huang et al. show that ADAM9 loss upregulates PAI-1, promoting its interaction with KRAS and resulting in selective lysosomal degradation of KRAS. They also identify a small-molecule inhibitor of ADAM9 with therapeutic benefits in the context of PDAC.

Berberine is a compound with glucose-lowering effects in mice and humans. Here, the authors show that in mice berberine has beneficial glycemic effects by promoting insulin secretion, which requires the potassium channel KCNH6 in beta cells, and that berberine can promote insulin secretion in healthy men in a phase 1 clinical trial.

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are essential aspects of biology. Wang et al., report that Toxoplasma gondiiprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) mediated dephosphorylation is critical for starch metabolism and bradyzoite differentiation.

c-MYC is often deregulated in human cancers including lymphomas. Here, the authors show that a member of the pseudokinase family, tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3), interacts with c-MYC to suppress c-MYC ubiquitination and degradation, leading to increased proliferation and self-renewal of lymphoma cells.

There is still no consensus on tumour type-specific cancer stem cell markers. Here, the authors demonstrate that ITGA7 is a potential functional marker of oesophageal cancer stem cells involved in the resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis through activation of FAK-mediated signalling.