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A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

Arrays of quantum dots can exhibit a variety of quantum properties, being sensitive to their spacing. Here, the authors fine tune interdot coupling using hexagonal molecular networks in which the dots are separated by single or double haloaromatic compounds, structurally identical but for a single atom.

A linear relationship between spin and momentum relaxation shows that the spin relaxation in an organic semiconductor crystal that has ultra-long spin lifetimes and coherent band-like transport is governed by the Elliott–Yafet mechanism.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

The emergence of a strong electron correlation has not been experimentally studied. Here, the authors report its evolution from a band-insulating organic semiconductor and observe significant deviations from a simple metallic system even at far from half-filled band due to charge-order instability.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Atg32 is required for mitophagy in yeast, however, a mammalian homologue of this protein has not been identified. Murakawaet al. identify Bcl-2-like protein 13 as a functional homologue of Atg32 in mammalian cells, and show that this protein can rescue mitophagy in Atg32-deficient yeast cells.

The mobility of organic semiconductors can be tuned by modifying their chemical composition or crystalline properties. Here, the authors show that bending organic single crystals increases their field effect transistor mobility due to restrained molecular vibrations and subsequently reduced dynamic disorder.

Though literature reports improvements in organic electronic device performance, understanding the correlation between static and dynamic device responses remains a challenge. Here, the authors correlate static and dynamic parameters in organic transistors by using the radiofrequency circuit model.

A two-dimensional hole gas with high carrier density is confined at the interface between a solution-processed, single-crystalline organic semiconducting film and the electric double layer formed by an ion gel on top of the film.

Sasako et al. show that disruption of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling by suppressing Akt activity in mouse skeletal muscle can accelerate osteosarcopenia and shortens lifespan, which is reversed by inactivation of FoxOs rather than activation of mTOR, suggesting FoxOs as therapeutic targets.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses. Here, the authors present small-molecule inhibitors of human cGAS, characterize their interaction with the protein, and show that the compounds are active in interferon-producing cells including primary human macrophages.

Upon DNA binding cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) produces a cyclic dinucleotide, which leads to the upregulation of inflammatory genes. Here the authors develop small molecule cGAS inhibitors, functionally characterize them and present the inhibitor and DNA bound cGAS crystal structures, which will facilitate drug development.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

Synoviolin is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a process that reduces the burden caused by unfolded proteins on the ER. Synoviolin is overexpressed in synovial cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; this overexpression causes a hyper-ERAD state, which might result in the autonomous proliferation and aberrant protein production observed in rheumatoid synovial cells.

The limitations of conventional chemical doping of polymeric semiconductors can be overcome by adding a second ionic species into the system, leading to enhanced doping, electrical conductivity and stability.

n-type organic semiconductors exhibiting two-dimensional isotropic charge transport are rarely reported. Here the authors show that using bulky substituents, BQQDI demonstrates near-isotropic charge transport, resilience to dynamic disorder, as well as high electron mobility both in single- and polycrystalline thin-film transistors.

A collection of 33,275 human Gateway entry clones and complementary in vitro protein expression methodologies are described that allow proteome-scale production of human proteins. This 'human protein factory' was validated by expression of 13,364 human proteins and assessment of activity in a variety of assays.

Alkylated dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-d]furan (DNF–V) derivatives are systematically investigated in view of the impact of the substitution position as well as length of alkyl side chains. For both alkylated DNF–VV and DNF–VW derivatives, the solubilities as well as phase-transition temperatures increase as the shorter alkyl chains are attached. Especially, alkylated DNF–VV simultaneously gain the high solubility over 1 wt% and highly stabilized crystal phase up to 199 °C. Furthermore, DNF–V derivatives exhibit deep-blue emission in solid state with the quantum efficiency ranging from 17 to 51%.

Interfaces are a key functional element in organic devices, but accessing buried interfaces has been challenging, Here the authors present a novel spectroscopic setup to investigate the spectral properties of ionic liquid/organic films interfaces under an electric field.

Molecular doping of π-conjugated semiconducting polymers can increase charge carrier density. Here, guest dopants are found to locate in the restricted void space in the lamellae, revealing an intercalated compound composed of layered polymer and guest intercalant.