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We observe signatures of the existence and hybridization of multiple Majorana zero modes in a single vortex.

Global meta-analysis of plant species diversity effects on trophic levels of ecosystem functioning, finding beneficial impacts from increased diversity.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

Cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical analysis reveal the activation mechanism of protein arginine kinase McsB by its activator McsA for protein quality control under stress in Gram-positive bacteria.

RNF214 ubiquitin ligase is understudied. Here the authors show RNF214 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing non-proteolytic ubiquitylation of TEADs and activating YAP signaling pathway.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

It is getting harder for scientists in China to obtain the high-quality public data that they need for important research studies, says Zheng Wan.

The development of advanced polymer electrochemical liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy allows direct monitoring of the atomic dynamics of electrified solid–liquid interfaces during copper-catalysed CO₂ electroreduction reactions.

Steam treatment transforms inactive Pd₁/CeO₂ catalyst into a highly reactive one by forming a Ce₂O₃-Pd nanoparticle interface. This domain interface is created by the coordinated migration of Ce and Pd atoms on the atom trapped Pd₁/CeO₂.

The mechanisms of bifurgation, a key step in thyroid development, are largely unknown. Here, Fang et al. find that HGF/Met is indispensable for the bifurgation of the thyroid primordium during zebrafish thyroid development.

The authors reveal a complex polarization network in twisted bilayer h-BN, featuring edge polarization topology and sliding ferroelectricity, driven by the interplay of ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects.

Early detection and accurate diagnosis of focal liver lesions are crucial for effective treatment and prognosis. Here, the authors present a fully automated diagnostic system that leverages multi-phase CT scans and clinical features, for diagnosing liver lesions.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Oxetane is a four-membered, oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound of importance in medicinal chemistry and drug development. Here, the authors report the discovery and subsequent protein engineering of a halohydrin dehalogenase, and develop a biocatalytic platform for enantioselective formation and ring-opening of oxetanes.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

The tailoring of reticular materials is key for enhancing the complexity and diversity of their structure and function. Now, a series of isomeric pillar-layered metal–organic frameworks with tunable topologies have been prepared through altering the layer stacking, which enables variability on the backbone structure, pillar spatial arrangements and pore structure.

This report from the 1000 Genomes Project describes the genomes of 1,092 individuals from 14 human populations, providing a resource for common and low-frequency variant analysis in individuals from diverse populations; hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites, can be found in each individual.

Lymphatic vessels are vital in the musculoskeletal system, but their role in bone repair is unclear. Here the authors found early lymphatic drainage insufficiency in fractures impacts osteoblast survival and stem cell proliferation by modulating the hematoma niche via DAMP transport.

Oxidative stress contributes significantly to postmenopausal osteoporosis by impairing osteoblast function, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that estrogen deficiency reduces GPX4 expression, leading to phospholipid peroxidation that impairs osteoblastogenesis, while GPX4 activators including 6- and 8-Gingerols can mitigate these effects.

Isotope tracing, kinetics and transcriptomics show how members of the four AOM lineages employ different nitrogen use strategies that minimize competition for nitrogen substrates.

The neuraminidase antigenicity of the circulating influenza A(H3N2) viruses differs from that of a recent A(H3N2) vaccine virus due to three amino acid substitutions, two of which introduce an N-linked glycosylation site that significantly reduces the binding of neuraminidase by antibodies.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Orzya meridionalis is a wild rice species that has reproductive isolation with Asian cultivated rice. Here, the authors report the cloning of the second locus controlling hybrid male sterility between the two species and show the encoded toxin-antidote system provides stacked reproductive isolation for maintaining species identity.

For first-order phase transitions, the second derivatives of Gibbs free energy diverge at the transition point, causing super-elasticity or super-thermicity. Here authors report a chemical analogy of these effects by atomic doping, where the second derivative of Gibbs free energy diverges at the transition point, leading to an anomalously high energy barrier for dopant diffusion in coexisting phases.

Fusarium graminearum is a fungal pathogen of wheat and other cereals. Here the authors identify a gene cluster in F. graminearum encoding the production of a non-ribosomal peptide that is required for infection of wheat through cell-to-cell penetration.

Decoding the pathogenic genes of the inherited anemia could provide us with novel regulators of pathological and physiological erythropoiesis. Here, the authors show TLR8 is expressed by erythroid cells and regulates erythropoiesis through interacting with EPO signaling.

Several micro RNAs have been shown to be deregulated in brain tissue or sera from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and in AD mouse models. The authors show that miR-135a-5p is downregulated in excitatory pyramidal neurons from AD mice and that dysfunction of miR-135a-5p/Rock2/Add1 results in memory/synaptic disorder in AD.

The inclusion of platinum-group metals for CO2 reduction electrocatalyst design may trigger the unwanted hydrogen evolution reaction. However, here the authors show that single-atom Pd and Pt on facet-selective Cu can selectively boost CO2 to CH4 or C2H4 conversion through dual-site pathways.

Metallic oxide SrNbO₃has been identified as an efficient hydrogen evolution photocatalyst. Here, Venkatesan and co-workers show that its visible light absorption stems from plasmon resonance, thanks to its large carrier density (despite a large 4.1 eV bandgap), as opposed to from an interband transition.

Liposome-mediated gene editing was used to abolish a mutation in gene Atp2b2 and recover hearing in a mouse model of dominant deafness. Editing was also used to target two mutations to recover hearing. The study detected large deletions due to editing.

Huluwa functions as the dorsal determinant during body axis formation in vertebrates, but how it is regulated remains unclear. Here they identify a phosphorylation switch in the conserved PPNSP motif of Huluwa required for axis induction, which is targeted by multiple kinases.